Metal–organic frameworks in Germany: From synthesis to function

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed from a combination of inorganic and organic units to produce materials which display high porosity, among other unique and exciting properties. MOFs have shown promise in many wide ranging applications, such as catalysis and gas separations. In this review, we highlight MOF research conducted by Germany-based research groups. Specifically, we feature approaches for the synthesis of new MOFs, high-throughput MOF production, advanced characterization methods and examples of advanced functions and properties.

Optimizing the Size of Platinum Nanoparticles for Enhanced Mass Activity in the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…[15] It was shown that the mass activity correlates well with the number of active sites with 7.5 GCN 8.3, taking into account ab road range of nanoparticle sizes. [21] Herein, we identify optimal spherical Pt nanoparticle diameters within the range of approximately 1-3 nm by computational screening.I nterestingly,t he computational screening forecasted that Pt nanoparticles with approximately 1nmdiameters should result in high mass activities.T hen, Pt nanoparticles of approximately 1nmd iameter were synthesized by aM OF-based approach. However, synthesis of Pt nanoparticles with ap recisely defined size constitutes an immense challenge,e specially for spherical nanoparticles with diameters below 2nm, for which only afew elaborate synthetic methods are known.…”

“…[20] MOFs are crystalline microporous materials,which are formed through self-assembly of organic and inorganic building blocks via coordination bonds under mild conditions in solution and have shown to be suitable host matrices to incorporate and stabilize ag reat variety of metal nanoparticles. [21] Herein, we identify optimal spherical Pt nanoparticle diameters within the range of approximately 1-3 nm by computational screening.I nterestingly,t he computational screening forecasted that Pt nanoparticles with approximately 1nmdiameters should result in high mass activities.T hen, Pt nanoparticles of approximately 1nmd iameter were synthesized by aM OF-based approach. To characterize Pt nanoparticles,h igh-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was used to determine their size and crystal structure,and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in scanning TEM mode and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to determine their chemical composition.…”

Water-based routes for synthesis of metal-organic frameworks: A review

“…In addition, MOF synthesis is largely conducted in solvothermal or hydrothermal conditions, which usually requires a high temperature and pressure with long reaction time, as indicated by the examples above [195,196]. These severe reaction conditions are also known to consume a lot of energy and reduce the production rate (in general STYs are below 300 kg m −3 per day) [55,197,198]. In addition, in terms of green applications, a crucial pre-requisite in the real world is the ability to achieve the low-cost synthesis of high-quality MOF materials in large quantities with high efficiency [45,199,200].…”

Optimierung der Größe von Platin‐Nanopartikeln für eine erhöhte Massenaktivität der elektrochemischen Sauerstoffreduktion

“…[16][17][18][19] Auch nach erfolgreicher Synthese weisen kleine Nanopartikel hohe Oberflächenenergien auf,d ie sie sehr anfällig fürA gglomeration machen. [21] Hier identifizieren wir fürd ie ORR optimale,k ugelfçrmige Pt-Nanopartikel im Bereich von 1b is 3nmd urch computergestütztes Screening. [20] MOFs sind kristalline mikroporçse Materialien, die durch Selbstorganisation organischer und anorganischer Bausteine durch koordinative Bindungen unter milden Bedingungen in Lçsung gebildet werden.…”

“…Diese eignen sich erwiesenermaßen als Wirtmatrix zur Aufnahme und Stabilisierung einer großen Vielfalt von Metallnanopartikeln. [21] Hier identifizieren wir fürd ie ORR optimale,k ugelfçrmige Pt-Nanopartikel im Bereich von 1b is 3nmd urch computergestütztes Screening. Interessanterweise wurde für Pt-Nanopartikel mit einem Durchmesser von ca.…”