Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)‐Based Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) for Gas Separation: A Review on Advanced Materials in Harsh Environmental Applications

Abstract

The booming of global environmental awareness has driven the scientific community to search for alternative sustainable approaches. This is accentuated in the 13th sustainable development goal (SDG13), climate action, where urgent efforts are salient in combating the drastic effects of climate change. Membrane separation is one of the indispensable gas purification technologies that effectively reduces the carbon footprint and is energy‐efficient for large‐scale integration. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are recognized as promising fillers embedded in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) to enhance gas separation performance. Tremendous research studies on MOFs‐based MMMs have been conducted. Herein, this review offers a critical summary of the MOFs‐based MMMs developed in the past 3 years. The basic models to estimate gas transport, preparation methods, and challenges in developing MMMs are discussed. Subsequently, the application and separation performance of a variety of MOFs‐based MMMs including those of advanced MOFs materials are summarized. To accommodate industrial needs and resolve commercialization hurdles, the latest exploration of MOF materials for a harsh operating condition is emphasized. Along with the contemplation on the outlook, future perspective, and opportunities of MMMs, it is anticipated that this review will serve as a stepping stone for the coming MMMs research on sustainable and benign environmental application.

State-of-the-Art Organic- and Inorganic-Based Hollow Fiber Membranes in Liquid and Gas Applications: Looking Back and Beyond

“…The emergence of the application of hollow fiber membranes in industrial practice can be witnessed since the first patented polymeric hollow fiber membranes five decades ago by Mahon [ 14 ]. To date, hollow fiber membrane has been vastly implemented in gas separation application, including CO 2 capture to constrain the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere, air purification to obtain high-purity oxygen (O 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ), H 2 separation for hydrogen energy systems, hydrocarbon separation via a cost- and energy-efficient approach, sulfur dioxide removal in flue gas stream prior post-combustion CO 2 capture process, sour gas sweetening for natural gas purification, flue gas dehydration via vapor permeation as well as air filtration from ultrafine pollutants such as particulate matter and air dehumidification [ 12 , 397 ].…”

Two-dimensional nanomaterial MXenes for efficient gas separation: a review

“…[15][16][17] Among them, membrane separation is an indispensable gas purification technology that can effectively reduce the carbon footprint, which is not only a large-scale comprehensive energysaving technology but also one of the most effective ways to capture CO 2 . 18,19 Thus, it has been applied in many fields such as organic dye adsorption, seawater desalination, and osmotic evaporation. [20][21][22][23] In the field of gas separation, membranes can purify mixtures through selective interactions with target molecules and the synergistic construction of multiple separation mechanisms, thus opening up new avenues for the industrial separation of CO 2 .…”

Recent Advances in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…MOFs are porous crystalline coordination polymers. − They consist of metal ions (or clusters) and bridging ligands. Due to their design variety, tunable properties, and extremely high surface area, they have been investigated in many different applications including gas storage and separation, − catalysis, , sensing, , and also medical areas. − In medicine, due their porosity (and thus a high loading capacity), they have been suggested as highly promising materials for drug delivery applications. − Recently, also their applications in diagnostics have been examined for various imaging modalities, including fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, , but mainly MRI. , The early stages of MOFs for applications in MRI were reviewed in the beginning of 2018 by Wuttke et al, who reviewed about 25 publications . Since then, the field has expanded rapidly resulting in about 161 publications (August 2022, Figure ).…”