Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Morphology Control: Recent Progress and Challenges

Abstract

As the field of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) continues marching toward practical applications, there is a need to move beyond design of the crystal structure. Morphological control of MOFs is the key to achieving optimal bed-packing, expression of crystallographic faces showing desired reactivity, and tailoring guest diffusion. The vast majority of morphology control in MOFs has been achieved empirically through manipulation of synthetic variables. Although this approach has met with considerable success, the potential for designed control offers a more complete solution to not only manipulate morphology, but also to alter it purposefully to optimize properties. This review introduces fundamental aspects and current methods for the precise control of crystal morphology in the context of MOFs and covers the majority of work conducted to date as well as opportunities for future development.

Stereoselective reduction of diarylmethanones via a ketoreductase@metal–organic framework

“…4,5 Constructed from metal ions and organic molecules (ligands) in a modular approach, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of materials with one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures, which receive wide attention and have found diverse applications, ranging from gas sorption, catalysis, to drug delivery. 6–10 Largely owing to their well-defined pore structures and high surface areas, more recently, MOFs have also been employed for enzyme immobilization, with most studies focused on model enzymes such as cytochrome c, catalase, and glucose oxidase. 11–14 In contrast, application of MOF-derived biocomposites for (asymmetric) organic synthesis is still rare.…”