Metal passivity as mechanism of metal carcinogenesis: Chromium, nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, platinum, molybdenum

Elemental fingerprinting of tumorous and adjacent non-tumorous tissues from patients with colorectal cancer using ICP-MS, ICP-OES and chemometric analysis

“…Ag, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni and Pb), no differences were found between tumorous and non-tumorous tissues. Co, Cr, Mo and Ni have been related to induction of oxidative stress produced in metal carcinogenesis (Valko et al 2006;Richardson-Boedler 2007).…”

Grain size, chemistry, and structure of fine and ultrafine particles in stainless steel welding fumes

“…It is well known, however, that metal ions exert their toxicity through redox cycling (Fe, Cr) or, as in the case of Ni, through depletion of cellular antioxidant oligopeptides giving rise to reactive oxygen species (Stohs & Bagchi, 1995). In this respect, and in accordance with Richardson-Boedler (2007), the apparent inertness of MIG-SS magnetite grains may account for their pro-carcinogenic activity.…”

“…Among these elements, Ni, Cr, and Mn are well-known toxic metals (Antonini, Santamaria, Jenkins, Albini, & Lucchini, 2006;Costa et al, 2005;Kasprzak et al, 2003;Richardson-Boedler, 2007;Salnikow & Zhitkovich, 2008), whereas the toxic potential of Fe in different compounds is still under debate (Richardson-Boedler, 2007). A distinguishing feature of the metal oxide particles is the observed Mn enrichment in ultrafine particles as compared to fine particles.…”

“…Fine (i.e., smaller than 2.5 m) and ultrafine (i.e., smaller than 100 nm) particles represent the greatest health hazard because of their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and because they are not as readily cleared by the cilia lining the respiratory tract (e.g., Plumlee, Morman, & Ziegler, 2006). The carcinogenic activity of welding fumes (WF) has usually been related exclusively to chemical features, in particular to the amounts of Ni and Cr in the bulk particulate sample (Antonini et al, 2004;Costa et al, 2005;Kasprzak, Sunderman, & Salnikow, 2003;Richardson-Boedler, 2007;Salnikow & Zhitkovich, 2008). This purely compositional approach does not take into account other important features, such as the structural distributions of Ni and Cr within the particles, the surface characteristics of the hosting crystals, or the nature of chemical bonds.…”

“…This purely compositional approach does not take into account other important features, such as the structural distributions of Ni and Cr within the particles, the surface characteristics of the hosting crystals, or the nature of chemical bonds. All these features may play a fundamental role in determining the behavior of WF particles within biological environments (e.g., Richardson-Boedler, 2007).…”