Metal phthalocyanines: thin-film formation, microstructure, and physical properties

Abstract

Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are an abundant class of conjugated small molecules comprising and their integration into thin films is critial for the proper function of next generation applications.

Deposit and Characterization of Semiconductor Films Based on Maleiperinone and Polymeric Matrix of (Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate)

“…The SEM micrograph at 250× of MP film in Figure 2b shows a smooth and homogeneous surface with the formation of elongated structures randomly dispersed in the film. These structures are caused by the preferential directions in the growth process of some nuclei formed on the film initially deposited [10,12,13,35]. On the other hand, Figure 2c, shows the FTIR spectra of MP film, the bands appearing at 1710, 1639, 1588 and 1413 cm −1 are attributed to νC=O, νC=N, γ-heterocyclic system and νC-N bonds, respectively.…”

“…The use of thin films of small molecules reduces the amount of semiconductor material needed for the fabrication of electronic devices, which also decrease the cost [9]. Most of the small molecules can be deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) under high vacuum [10], to form semiconductor films, both amorphous and polycrystalline [8]. During PVD, the small molecules, generally in the form of a powder, are heated until evaporation/sublimation, and then the formation of high thermal gradients between the vapor and the substrates promotes the condensation of the molecule followed by its depot.…”

“…The small molecules to be used in the depot of semiconductor films by vacuum evaporation and spin-coating must meet a series of requirements such as: high thermal and chemical stability, possess conjugated bonds and be capable to form molecular blocks and conduction channels for the charges transport. Currently there are small molecules such as porphyrins, phthalocyanines and the acene-based derivatives [1][2][3][4][5][6][9][10][11], that have been widely studied as semiconductor films. However, the accelerated development of the organic electronics requires the synthesis and evaluation of new semiconductor molecules that allow for competing against inorganic semiconductors widely used in the manufacture of devices.…”

Study of Photoregeneration of Zinc Phthalocyanine Chemiresistor after Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide

“…Metal-phthalocyanines (MPcs) belong to a class of organic frameworks hosting metallic ion in the center [1]. They consist of four isoindole groups connected by nitrogen atoms forming an 18 π-electron ring structure, with two covalent bonds and two coordination bonds chelating a metal or metalloid center [2]. By varying the valency of hosting ion, it is possible to tune the chemical properties of MPcs that result in their wide applications in different fields.…”

“…The advantages of this approach are both in the increase of measurement frequency and in the prolonged sensor lifetime. Longer lifetime also originates from the shortened exposures, which reduce a (potentially irreversible) shift of sensor properties caused by the contact with aggressive NO 2 .…”