Metal Selenides Find Plenty of Space in Architecting Advanced Sodium/Potassium Ion Batteries

Abstract

The rapid evolution of smart grid system urges researchers on exploiting systems with properties of high‐energy, low‐cost, and eco‐friendly beyond lithium‐ion batteries. Under the circumstances, sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries with the semblable work mechanism to commercial lithium‐ion batteries, hold the merits of cost‐effective and earth‐abundant. As a result, it is deemed a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage devices. Exploiting appropriate active electrode materials is in the center of the spotlight for the development of batteries. Metal selenides with special structures and relatively high theoretical capacity have aroused broad interest and achieved great achievements. To push the smooth development of metal selenides and enhancement of the electrochemical performance of sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries, it is vital to grasp the inherent properties and electrochemical mechanisms of these materials. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art development and challenges of metal selenides are summarized and discussed. Meanwhile, the corresponding electrochemical mechanism and future development directions are also highlighted.

Architectural design of anode materials for superior alkali-ion (Li/Na/K) batteries storage

“…It’s noteworthy that the only work corresponding to Ti 2 CTx used as an anode electrode for SIBs was reported by Yamada and co-workers. The findings from Yin et al 115 , Yang et al 116 , and Li group 117 demonstrate a complete reaction from Li 2 Se to MoSe 2 , as opposed to Se, throughout the charging process. The regeneration of MoSe 2 serves as evidence for the reversible reaction with Li + , thereby confirming the reversibility outlined in Eq.…”

“…The sodium storage mechanism in MoSe 2 117 is contingent upon the discharge potential cut-off. Specifically, when the cut-off voltage is placed higher than 0.5 V, an intercalation reaction occurs in the material, as defined by Eq.…”

“…A summary of the reaction mechanisms (Eqs. 2 , 3 ) 116 , 117 of TMSes materials for SIBs/PIB is in the following: …”

“…In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in research interest in carbon anodes in SIBs and PIBs, driven by the comparable electrochemical advantages of metallic Na and K compared to Li. Additionally, the reserves of sodium and potassium metals are positioned 6th (constituting 2.36% by weight) and seventh (making up 2.09% by weight) 63 , respectively. These resources far exceed those of Li, which comprises only 0.0017% in weight 63 .…”

“…Additionally, the reserves of sodium and potassium metals are positioned 6th (constituting 2.36% by weight) and seventh (making up 2.09% by weight) 63 , respectively. These resources far exceed those of Li, which comprises only 0.0017% in weight 63 . Up to date, metal chalcogenides, such as selenides, metal oxides, and sulfides, have been extensively studied as promising active electrode composites for SIBs and PIBs.…”