Metal toxicology in low-income and lower-middle-income countries

Blüml, Stephan; Landrigan, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823292-7.00018-8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…Lead is a highly toxic substance especially impacting children’s health 1 . The neurological and behavioral effects of lead are considered to be irreversible 1 , 2 . Young children are particularly susceptible to lead poisoning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are multiple lead exposure pathways, from consumption of lead-contaminated dust near industrial hotspots, to ingestion of lead-contaminated paint chips to lead-adulterated spices 2 , 5 – 8 . Prior studies have identified lead contamination in a variety of consumer products such as paints, ceramics, spices, foodware, traditional medicines, and cosmetics 1 , 2 , 8 – 13 . However, the geographic variability and overall distribution of lead in these potential exposure sources have not been adequately characterized, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Market Screening to assess lead concentrations in consumer products across 25 low- and middle-income countries

Sargsyan,

Nash,

Binkhorst

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Lead exposure can have serious consequences for health and development. The neurological and behavioral effects of lead are considered irreversible. Young children are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning. In 2020, Pure Earth and UNICEF estimated that one in three children had elevated blood lead levels above 5 µg/dL. The sources of lead exposure vary around the world and can range from household products, such as spices or foodware, to environmental pollution from nearby industries. The aim of this study was to analyze common products from markets in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for their lead content to determine whether they are plausible sources of exposure. In 25 LMICs, the research teams systematically collected consumer products (metal foodware, ceramics, cosmetics, paints, toys, spices and other foods). The items were analyzed on site for detectable lead above 2 ppm using an X-ray fluorescence analyzer. For quality control purposes, a subset of the samples was analyzed in the USA using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The lead concentrations of the individual product types were compared with established regulatory thresholds. Out of 5007 analyzed products, threshold values (TV) were surpassed in 51% for metal foodware (TV 100 ppm), 45% for ceramics (TV 100 ppm), and 41% for paints (TV 90 ppm). Sources of exposure in LMICs can be diverse, and consumers in LMICs lack adequate protection from preventable sources of lead exposure. Rapid Market Screening is an innovative, simple, and useful tool to identify risky products that could be sources of lead exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Market Screening to assess lead concentrations in consumer products across 25 low- and middle-income countries

Sargsyan,

Nash,

Binkhorst

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation

et al. 2022

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Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) takes place under extreme conditions with a lack of occupational health and safety. As the demand for metals is increasing due in part to their extensive use in ‘green technologies’ for climate change mitigation, the negative environmental and occupational consequences of mining practices are disproportionately felt in low- and middle-income countries. The Collegium Ramazzini statement on ASM presents updated information on its neglected health hazards that include multiple toxic hazards, most notably mercury, lead, cyanide, arsenic, cadmium, and cobalt, as well as physical hazards, most notably airborne dust and noise, and the high risk of infectious diseases. These hazards affect both miners and mining communities as working and living spaces are rarely separated. The impact on children and women is often severe, including hazardous exposures during the child-bearing age and pregnancies, and the risk of child labor. We suggest strategies for the mitigation of these hazards and classify those according to primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Further, we identify knowledge gaps and issue recommendations for international, national, and local governments, metal purchasers, and employers are given. With this statement, the Collegium Ramazzini calls for the extension of efforts to minimize all hazards that confront ASM miners and their families.

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Arsenic Contamination in Sludge and Sediment and Relationship with Microbial Resistance Genes: Interactions and Remediation

Xing,

Yan,

Hai

et al. 2024

Water

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Arsenic contamination in sludge and sediment has emerged as a pressing environmental issue with far-reaching implications. This review delves into the multifaceted problem of arsenic contamination, focusing on its complex interactions with microbial resistance genes (MRGs). It explores the key role of microorganisms in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic, including processes such as reduction, oxidation, methylation, and volatilization. It describes how microorganisms resist arsenic through resistance genes that encode proteins such as efflux pumps, enzymatic detoxification, and intracellular sequestration. Arsenic, a naturally occurring element, can enter sludge and sediment through various natural and anthropogenic pathways, leading to detrimental effects on environmental quality. Understanding the role of microorganisms in arsenic mobilization, transformation, and their ability to resist arsenic toxicity through MRGs is essential for effective mitigation and remediation strategies. This review discusses the sources and distribution of arsenic in sludge and sediment, the intricate mechanisms of microbial arsenic resistance, and the potential implications for environmental management and human health. It also examines current research trends and identifies areas requiring further investigation. By unraveling the interplay between arsenic contamination, microorganisms, and MRGs, this review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the issue and guide future research and environmental protection efforts.

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Metal toxicology in low-income and lower-middle-income countries

Cited by 3 publications

References 239 publications

Rapid Market Screening to assess lead concentrations in consumer products across 25 low- and middle-income countries

Rapid Market Screening to assess lead concentrations in consumer products across 25 low- and middle-income countries

Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation

Arsenic Contamination in Sludge and Sediment and Relationship with Microbial Resistance Genes: Interactions and Remediation

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