“…In bilingual and second language acquisition research it is accepted that not only knowledge of L1 affects knowledge of L2, but the reverse also happens (e.g., Cook, 2003;Marian & Spivey, 2003). The influence of L1 on the learning and use of L2 was well-researched in bilingualism and second language acquisition studies (Vanhove, 2019). Yet, L2-on-L1 effects are under-explored (Kaushanskaya, Yoo, & Marian, 2011;Spies, Lara-Alecio, Tong, Irby, Garza, & Huerta, 2017).…”