Metallic anodes for next generation secondary batteries

Kim, Han-Su; Jeong, Goojin; Kim, Young Ugk; Kim, Jae‐Hun; Park, Cheol‐Min; Sohn, Hun‐Joon

doi:10.1039/c3cs60177c

Cited by 930 publications

(649 citation statements)

References 259 publications

(386 reference statements)

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“…Uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites originates from the repeated stripping/plating of a lithium layer during cycling 2,5,[11][12][13] , associated with which is a large volume change that causes cracks in the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) that exposes fresh lithium metal to the electrolyte, resulting in continuous electrolyte decomposition and rapid loss of both working lithium and electrolyte. The SEI formation is spatially inhomogeneous because of this volume change and thus causes non-uniform lithium deposition across the electrode, further aggravating the growth of dendritic lithium.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…L ithium metal, having a high theoretical specific capacity of 3,860 mAh g À 1 and the most negative electrochemical potential among anode materials, has been considered an ideal anode in lithium battery systems over the past four decades [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The recent emerging demand for extended-range electric vehicles has stimulated the development of high-energy storage systems [7][8][9][10] , especially the highly promising lithiumsulfur and lithium-air batteries, in which lithium metal anodes are employed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth

et al. 2015

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Lithium metal has shown great promise as an anode material for high-energy storage systems, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low negative electrochemical potential. Unfortunately, uncontrolled dendritic and mossy lithium growth, as well as electrolyte decomposition inherent in lithium metal-based batteries, cause safety issues and low Coulombic efficiency. Here we demonstrate that the growth of lithium dendrites can be suppressed by exploiting the reaction between lithium and lithium polysulfide, which has long been considered as a critical flaw in lithium-sulfur batteries. We show that a stable and uniform solid electrolyte interphase layer is formed due to a synergetic effect of both lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate as additives in ether-based electrolyte, preventing dendrite growth and minimizing electrolyte decomposition. Our findings allow for re-evaluation of the reactions regarding lithium polysulfide, lithium nitrate and lithium metal, and provide insights into solving the problems associated with lithium metal anodes.

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The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth

et al. 2015

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“…al. [8] discussed the key factors for the Li metal anode and introduced various kinds of approaches for protecting the Li metal. The morphology of the electrodeposited lithium must be controlled.…”

Section: Lithium Metal Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many approaches have been taken to overcome this problem: finding appropriate organic solvents and salts as electrolyte, which determine the nature of the SEI; finding effective additives to modify SEI formation; using a solid-state-electrolyte, and surface modification of the Li electrode with lithium ion conducting materials. [8] Since the Li/S cell and the Li/air cell have been considered as candidates for the next generation rechargeable cell, researchers are paying more attention to the Li metal electrode. [13] Apart from the dendrite formation problem, the Li/air and Li/S cells suffer from other issues.…”

Section: Lithium Metal Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8,106] Unlike conventional ambient temperature Na cells, high temperature Na cells are composed of liquid electrodes and an ionically-conducting solid electrolyte which not only acts as electrolyte but also acts as a separator that prevents direct contact of the two liquid electrodes. The operating temperature of high temperature Na cells has been between 270 and 350 o C to maintain the liquid state of the electrode materials (e.g.…”

Section: High Temperature Sodium Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Li‐Ion Batteries and Beyond: Future Design Challenges

Hwa

Cairns

2015

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Light metals have been widely used as electrode materials for batteries owing to their low standard redox potential, their low equivalent weight, large specific capacity, and great abundance. Both primary and secondary cells including light metals as electrode material have influenced all aspects of our lives, e.g., electrically operated toys, power tools, and portable electronics such as cell phones, smart pads, and laptop computers. Among all battery systems, rechargeable lithium (Li) ion cells have been used most widely in recent years owing to their high specific power, high energy density, and ambient temperature operation. However, Li‐ion cells are facing difficult challenges in satisfying the emerging market for advanced applications demanding high‐performance rechargeable batteries for applications such as electric vehicles, high‐performance portable electronics, and large‐scale electrical energy storage systems. Unfortunately, current Li‐ion cells cannot satisfy demands such as low cost, much improved safety, larger energy density, faster charge/discharge rates, and longer service life, so intensive effort is necessary to develop the next generation of cells. In this article, the limitations of current Li‐ion cells and various advanced materials for each component of the Li‐ion cell, in addition to other promising candidates for cells beyond Li ion, such as the Li/S cell and Na‐ and Mg‐based rechargeable cells, and metal/air cells are discussed.

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Lithium Metal Anode

Liu

Yang

Lü

2019

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are among the most sought‐after battery chemistries for high‐energy storage devices. However, LMBs always undergo uncontrollable lithium deposition, relatively lower Coulombic efficiency (CE), severe side reactions, and limited power output, which impede their practical applications. In the last 40 years, numerous efforts have been made to solve these issues, ranging from theoretically modeling the lithium dendrite growth behavior to experimentally modifying the lithium metal anode. This article provides an overview of LMBs and its main challenge—dendritic lithium growth. First, the advantages and disadvantages of LMBs are discussed compared with the state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries, in which the lithium dendrite growth and fast CE decay are extensively considered. Specific characterization techniques are also summarized to understand the growing behavior of dendritic lithium and anode surface chemistry. To understand the fading mechanisms of LMBs, numerous models and hypotheses are carried out to predict the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, ionic electromigration, and finally dendritic growth behavior. From the insights of the abovementioned theoretical basis, methods concerning on suppressing lithium dendrites and improving the cell CE are categorized as the electrolyte additives, structural electrolyte development, new battery operation mode, multidimensional composite electrode design, and so on. Finally, future directions are given that are expected to drive progress in the development of LMBs.

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Metallic anodes for next generation secondary batteries

Cited by 930 publications

References 259 publications

The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth

The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth

Li‐Ion Batteries and Beyond: Future Design Challenges

Lithium Metal Anode

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