Metallic biomaterial for bone support and replacement

Additively manufactured titanium alloys and effect of hydroxyapatite coating for biomedical applications: A review

“…49,50 Investigation of implants coated with tantalum (Ta) and niobium (Nb) revealed slight inflammatory reaction for the Ta coated, while Nb coated implant elicited severe inflammatory reactions which is a major drawback to coating of implants with Nb. 49…”

“…Recently, researchers have opined that the combination of Ti nanotube coatings with underlying microstructural surfaces enhance osteogenesis and osteoblast differentiation with increased ALP activity and bone matrix mineralization. 49,50 Investigation of implants coated with tantalum (Ta) and niobium (Nb) revealed slight inflammatory reaction for the Ta coated, while Nb coated implant elicited severe inflammatory reactions which is a major drawback to coating of implants with Nb. 49…”

Innovative Options for Bone Metastasis Treatment: An Extensive Analysis on Biomaterials-Based Strategies for Orthopedic Surgeons

“…In addition to ceramics, metals have, in general, a wider range of application in orthopedics, from small components, such as pins, screws, and plates, to larger load-bearing implants, total joint, and total knee replacements ( Ghosh et al, 2018 ; Minnath, 2018 ). This is due to relatively high elastic moduli, plasticity and yield points that together make them generally suitable for load-bearing applications, even in the case of series of load-unload cycles; moreover, with appropriate surface treatment, alloys combination and/or production method, metal implants can reach good resistance in all body compartments ( Ghosh et al, 2018 ).…”

“…In addition to ceramics, metals have, in general, a wider range of application in orthopedics, from small components, such as pins, screws, and plates, to larger load-bearing implants, total joint, and total knee replacements ( Ghosh et al, 2018 ; Minnath, 2018 ). This is due to relatively high elastic moduli, plasticity and yield points that together make them generally suitable for load-bearing applications, even in the case of series of load-unload cycles; moreover, with appropriate surface treatment, alloys combination and/or production method, metal implants can reach good resistance in all body compartments ( Ghosh et al, 2018 ). Likewise bio-ceramics, metallic based biomaterials have “evolved” during the years together with material science, surface chemistry and biological/clinical evidences; in this respect, bioinert metals such as stainless steel (SSt), titanium (Ti), and cobalt-chromium alloys (Co-Cr) underwent chemical surface modifications or coating procedures to improve osteo-biologic properties ( Asri et al, 2017 ; Dehghanghadikolaei and Fotovvati, 2019 ).…”

“…The degradation kinetics of Mg implants can be adjusted through the development of alloys with other non-toxic elements, like calcium (Ca) and zirconium (Zr), or by way of mechanical and chemical surface treatments ( Shayesteh Moghaddam et al, 2016 ; Prasad et al, 2017 ; Zhao et al, 2017 ; Minnath, 2018 ; Bordbar-Khiabani et al, 2019 ). The released Mg 2+ ions positively stimulate osteoblasts and other bone cells activities and proliferation, being beneficial for new bone tissue development and implant fate ( Zhao et al, 2017 ; Ghosh et al, 2018 ). More recently, metals are used to build 3D porous scaffolds and implants that better allow cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation leading to new bone formation in vivo ( Shah et al, 2016 ; Fraser et al, 2019 ; Zadpoor, 2019 ); moreover, metal implants surface has been functionalized with bioactive molecules or drugs ( Su et al, 2018 , 2019 ).…”