Metallic Iron for Water Treatment: Lost Science in the West

Noubactep, Chicgoua

doi:10.4172/2167-7662.1000149

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Available information about Fe 0 filter design is insufficient and not organized [9,25,31,32,42,44,46,57,150,151]. A number of previous studies have identified major design flaws [11,25,46] and presented some paths to the next generation efficient and sustainable Fe 0 filters [31,37,49,52,53,71,73,76,86,89,117,118,152,154,155].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fe 0 filters (containing spongy iron) were efficient at household level before 1881 and were successfully tested at the water works of Antwerpen (Belgium). They were efficient for 18 months without any maintenance [3,8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of metallic iron (Fe 0 ) in water treatment was established in the second half of the nineteenth century [1][2][3][4]. Related investigations cleared up the nature of Fe 0 as coagulant-inducing agent both in the Bischof Process (packed-bed filtration) and in the Anderson Process (fluidized bed-like) [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. During the past three decades, sophisticated scientific methods have been used to produce a confused mass of discordant and mostly unfounded individual opinions [10][11][12] demonstrating that Fe 0 might be an environmental reducing agent [8,9,.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallic Iron (Fe0) Provide Possible Solution to Universal Safe Drinking Water Provision

Noubactep¹

2018

J Water Technol Treat Methods

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The use of metallic iron (Fe 0 ) for environmental remediation is applied industrially with a great degree of empiricism. Rules of thumb seem to be the only guide followed by the greater part of the Fe 0 remediation community. The present communication demonstrates the validity of such a harsh statement and hopes that the research community will now follow the 10-year-old path concealing Fe 0 remediation and mainstream science. A promising application is safe drinking water provision on a decentralized manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallic Iron (Fe0) Provide Possible Solution to Universal Safe Drinking Water Provision

Noubactep¹

2018

J Water Technol Treat Methods

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“…Mwakabona et al [33] recently discovered that using Fe 0 for safe drinking water provision both at a household level and at a larger scale is a technology more than 130 years old [33,34]. The presentation herein is focused on the named technology as derived from Fe 0 reactive walls for groundwater remediation [35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision

et al. 2017

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Metallic iron (Fe 0 )-based filtration systems have the potential to significantly contribute to the achievement of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of substantially improving the human condition by 2030 through the provision of clean water. Recent knowledge on Fe 0 -based safe drinking water filters is addressed herein. They are categorized into two types: Household and community filters. Design criteria are recalled and operational details are given. Scientists are invited to co-develop knowledge enabling the exploitation of the great potential of Fe 0 filters for sustainable safe drinking water provision (and sanitation).

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“…A literature research with "zero-valent iron" as keyword would never reveal the ancient literature on Fe 0 for water treatment [12][13][14][15][16]. Indeed, no research group until 2017 has referenced a single article from the ancient use of Fe 0 in water treatment [17,18]. In chemistry, metallic elements are characterized by their oxidation state, the one of Fe 0 is zero (0).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Iron for Environmental Remediation: Starting an Overdue Progress in Knowledge

Yang²,

Tao³

et al. 2020

Water

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A critical survey of the abundant literature on environmental remediation and water treatment using metallic iron (Fe0) as reactive agent raises two major concerns: (i) the peculiar properties of the used materials are not properly considered and characterized, and, (ii) the literature review in individual publications is very selective, thereby excluding some fundamental principles. Fe0 specimens for water treatment are typically small in size. Before the advent of this technology and its application for environmental remediation, such small Fe0 particles have never been allowed to freely corrode for the long-term spanning several years. As concerning the selective literature review, the root cause is that Fe0 was considered as a (strong) reducing agent under environmental conditions. Subsequent interpretation of research results was mainly directed at supporting this mistaken view. The net result is that, within three decades, the Fe0 research community has developed itself to a sort of modern knowledge system. This communication is a further attempt to bring Fe0 research back to the highway of mainstream corrosion science, where the fundamentals of Fe0 technology are rooted. The inherent errors of selected approaches, currently considered as countermeasures to address the inherent limitations of the Fe0 technology are demonstrated. The misuse of the terms “reactivity”, and “efficiency”, and adsorption kinetics and isotherm models for Fe0 systems is also elucidated. The immense importance of Fe0/H2O systems in solving the long-lasting issue of universal safe drinking water provision and wastewater treatment calls for a science-based system design.

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Metallic Iron for Water Treatment: Lost Science in the West

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Metallic Iron (Fe0) Provide Possible Solution to Universal Safe Drinking Water Provision

Metallic Iron (Fe0) Provide Possible Solution to Universal Safe Drinking Water Provision

Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision

Metallic Iron for Environmental Remediation: Starting an Overdue Progress in Knowledge

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