Metallic Materials for Bone Repair

Abstract

Repair of large bone defects caused by trauma or disease poses significant clinical challenges. Extensive research has focused on metallic materials for bone repair because of their favorable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and manufacturing processes. Traditional metallic materials, such as stainless steel and titanium alloys, are widely used in clinics. Biodegradable metallic materials, such as iron, magnesium, and zinc alloys, are promising candidates for bone repair because of their ability to degrade over time. Emerging metallic materials, such as porous tantalum and bismuth alloys, have gained attention as bone implants owing to their bone affinity and multifunctionality. However, these metallic materials encounter many practical difficulties that require urgent improvement. In this article, we systematically reviewed and analyzed the metallic materials used for bone repair, providing a comprehensive overview of their morphology, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and in vivo implantation. Furthermore, we summarized the strategies and efforts made to address the short‐comings of metallic materials. Finally, we identified and discussed perspectives for the development of metallic materials to guide future research and advancements in clinical practice.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Implantable Zinc Ion Battery and Osteogenesis-Immunoregulation Bifunction of Its Catabolite

“…Zinc metal could react with physiological fluids in the body (e.g., tissue fluids, cellular fluids, and blood), and zinc can be converted into soluble zinc salt (Zn(OH) 2 •ZnCl 2 ), resulting in the gradual dissolution of zinc metal and the formation of Zn 2+ . 35 Subsequently, the Zn 2+ generated by degradation is absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver for processing and metabolism. Excess zinc ions are eliminated from the body through urine.…”

Plant molecules reinforce bone repair: Novel insights into phenol-modified bone tissue engineering scaffolds for the treatment of bone defects

“…Natural bones possess excellent mechanical properties to support the body and protect internal organs. Studies have figured out that the mechanical properties vary in different parts of bones [ 3 , 173 ]. The yield strength, tensile strength and Young's modulus of human cortical bones are respectively 105–114 MPa, 35–283 MPa and 5–20 GPa, while those of human cancellous bones are determined as 1.0–12 MPa, 1.5–38 MPa and 0.01–1.6 GPa, which endows bones with the outstanding osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity [ 173 ].…”

“…Studies have figured out that the mechanical properties vary in different parts of bones [ 3 , 173 ]. The yield strength, tensile strength and Young's modulus of human cortical bones are respectively 105–114 MPa, 35–283 MPa and 5–20 GPa, while those of human cancellous bones are determined as 1.0–12 MPa, 1.5–38 MPa and 0.01–1.6 GPa, which endows bones with the outstanding osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity [ 173 ]. Bioactive ceramic materials including calcium phosphate-based hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and silicate-based bioactive glass and calcium silicate possess an inorganic composition analogous to natural bones, making them ideal for BTE scaffolds [ 174 ].…”

Innovative Biomaterials for Bone Tumor Treatment and Regeneration: Tackling Postoperative Challenges and Charting the Path Forward

“…Mg degrades quickly, iron degrades at a slower rate, and zinc degrades at a rate comparable to bone growth. [56] Mg and Fe are particularly popular for bone tumor therapy and repair (Figure 2). Emerging materials such as porous tantalum [57] and bismuth-based alloys [58] are also gaining attention for their bone affinity and multifunctionality as implants, but they have yet to be fully integrated into biomaterials for bone tumor therapy.…”