Metallic polyacetylene is a soliton lattice

Sliding of Soliton Lattice and Atomic Vibration in trans-Polyacetylene

“…With respect to the chain structure for the heavily doped region, infrared studies show that the number of charged solitons increases according to the doping level. [19][20][21] This result and various other spectral 4,23,36) and theoretical [27][28][29][30][31] studies have shown that the heavily doped phase has a soliton lattice. And it has been found that dopant pinning is not strong when the doping is heavy.…”

“…This is consistent with some previous studies. [27][28][29][30][31] A molecular dynamics simulation was carried out starting from the soliton lattice structure which is the result of the optimization by the molecular orbital method. An electric field was applied, the forces on the atoms were calculated at each time step and the atoms were moved.…”

“…The conduction mechanism depends on the intrinsic structure of the heavily doped chain. Historically, various models have been proposed as regards the conduction mechanism and the chain structure, [28][29][30][31]34,35) and are still under discussion. With respect to the chain structure for the heavily doped region, infrared studies show that the number of charged solitons increases according to the doping level.…”

“…4,23,25) These studies show that heavily doped polyacetylene forms a soliton lattice. Some theoretical calculations employing a Coulomb interaction [27][28][29][30] have also shown that the optimized structure is a soliton lattice.…”