A coupled thermomechanical model is established for multilayered structure subjecting to heat deposition, and specified for a thermal barrier system. The thermomechanical interaction including the C-V (Cattaneo-Vernotte) model of heat conduction law for the homogeneous linear thermoelastic material is developed, in which the Non-Fourier heat conduction law and the influence of stress and strain to heat transfer are taken into account. The variation of thermal stress with the heat wave due to the coupled relationship is quite significant. Under a pulse heat deposition on the surface, a model thermal barrier system's (trilayer structure) transient thermal and stress fields are investigated. The result indicates that a high tensile stress is developed, especially near the interface between ceramic coating and oxide layer, which is the most likely damage region, and the failure mechanism is related to the propagation of the coupled thermalmechanical wave. The maximum stress in the oxide layer is affected by the size of material system.