The controllable B–H bond activation of carboranes has long
been a compelling challenge. However, as the symmetry of para-carborane places the same charge on all of its ten boron atoms,
controlling the regiochemistry of B–H bond activation in these
molecules has remained out of reach ever since their discovery. Herein,
we describe how to use steric effects to achieve a regioselective
process for B–H activation of para-carborane.
In this strategy, B(2,8)–H or B(2,7)–H activation patterns
were achieved by taking advantage of the π–π interactions
between pyridine ligands. Interestingly, by employing host–guest
interactions in metallacage compounds, B(2,8)–H bond activation
could be avoided and exclusive B(2,9)–H bond activation can
be achieved. Steric hindrance was also found to be beneficial for
regioselective B(2,8)–H bond activation in metallacage species.
In this work, we demonstrate that steric effects can be a promising
driving force for controllable activation of the B–H bonds
of carboranes and open new opportunities in this field.