Metallorganische Reaktionen in wässriger Phase

Abstract

Übergangsmetallkatalysierte Reaktionen gehören zu den wichtigsten Methoden, um C‐C‐ und C‐Heteroatom‐Bindungen zu knüpfen. Solche Transformationen in Wasser als Lösungsmittel stellen Anforderungen an die Grundlagenforschung: Können makrocyclische Systeme wie Cyclodextrine, Calix[n]arene und Co. die Hürden der Synthese im wässrigen Milieu überwinden?

Microwave-mediated Newman–Kwart rearrangement in water

“…[18][19][20][21][22] In addition to the obvious benets towards organic solvents of being inexpensive, non-ammable, non-toxic, and readily available, in many cases water is able to enhance both the reaction rate and the reaction selectivity due to hydrophobic effects. [23][24][25] One alternative way to increase the reaction rate and selectivity or rather overcome solubility issues of non-polar substrates in water, is the utilization of supramolecular additives such as cyclodextrines or calix[n]arenes, which encapsulate the hydrophobic reactants in their cavities by noncovalent interactions while being water-soluble themselves. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] However, to our knowledge the sheer NKR has so far not been performed in pure water.…”