Metallothionein does not sequester arsenic(III) ions in condition of acute arsenic toxicity

Chronic Kidney Disease and Exposure to Nephrotoxic Metals

“…Cd present in the liver becomes associated with MT to form CdMT [103,104], which may be released into sinusoidal blood following Cd-induced hepatocellular necrosis. CdMT is filtered freely at the glomerulus and is then thought to be taken up at the luminal plasma membrane of proximal tubular epithelial cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis [98,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113].…”

“…This route of uptake appears to be a major route for entry of Cd at the luminal membrane of proximal tubular cells [114]. Indeed, the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are the primary sites affected adversely by CdMT [103,107,109,115,116,117,118,119]. Following uptake by proximal tubular cells, CdMT is delivered to endosomes and lysosomes where Cd 2+ is dissociated from MT and transported into the cytoplasm via the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1; SLC11A2 ) [106,120].…”

Residue Modification and Mass Spectrometry for the Investigation of Structural and Metalation Properties of Metallothionein and Cysteine-Rich Proteins

“…It is clear that MT confers a protective effect against cadmium intoxication [40,41]; MT was first isolated as a cadmium containing protein in an equine renal cortex [42,43]. In addition to cadmium, MT has been shown to bind arsenic under a wide variety of conditions [44,45,46,47,48] and to be associated with protection against arsenic related cancers [39,49,50,51], although isolation of As-MT species from in vivo studies remains elusive [52]. MT-3, the brain-specific isoform, has been shown to bind neurotoxic metals such as lead [53] and interact with proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases [54,55,56].…”

Deep removal of arsenic from regenerated products of spent V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR catalysts and its concurrent activation by bioleaching through a novel mechanism

“…In order to uncover the reasons why bioleaching exhibited much higher As removal and better activation of the regenerated product than chemical leaching by H2SO4, a specific metabolic pathway, involving both cysteine and sulfur, that occurs in Acidithiobacillus caldus SM-1 which belongs to the same genus with Acidithiobacillus 11 thiooxidans, was drawn via deeply mining and analyzing the KEGG database (https://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html), because it was discovered that cysteinerich low-molecular weight proteins such as metallothioneins (MTs) display high binding capacity of As owing to their interaction with the sulfhydryl groups (-S-H) in cysteine [32,33].…”

“…Identification of the mysterious active matter beyond H + in the bioleaching liquor derived from A. thiooxidans, which both markedly enhance extraction of As and evidently activate the regenerated product, is of importance for both theoretical and practical development of bioleaching technology [24,29,30]. Inspired by the discovery that cysteine-rich proteins such as metallothioneins exhibit a high binding capacity of As due to the interaction between As and -SH groups in cysteine [32,33], we mapped a metabolic pathway involving both cysteine and sulfur through deeply mining and analyzing the KEGG database (https://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html) (Fig. S1), which was found in Acidithiobacillus caldus SM-1 belonging to the same genus with A. thiooxidans.…”