Metallurgical and mechanical examinations of steel–copper joints arc welded using bronze and nickel-base superalloy filler materials

Velu, M.; Bhat, Sunil

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.073

Cited by 81 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The behavior of a FSW structure is, therefore, dependent on the local properties of each sub-region [2,3]. Several traditional techniques have been used in an attempt to obtain local properties of FSW, such as testing miniature tensile specimens machined from various weld zones [4] and instrumented ball indentation methods [5]. However, these methods are extremely time-consuming, and the spatial resolution was often not sufficient to isolate the different FSW sub-regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of High-Fidelity Imaging Procedures to Establish the Local Material Behavior in Friction Stir Welded Stainless Steel Joints

Ramachandran

Lakshminarayanan²,

Reed

et al. 2019

Metals

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Friction stir welded (FSW) 304 austenitic stainless steel (SS) joints are studied using a range of microstructural characterization techniques to identify various sub-regions across the weld. A high-resolution (HR) 2D-digital image correlation (DIC) methodology is developed to assess the local strain response across the weld surface and cross-section in the elastic regime. The HR-DIC methodology includes the stitching of multiple images, as it is only possible to partially cover the FSW region using a single camera with the high-resolution optical set-up. An image processing procedure is described to stitch the strain maps as well as strain data sets that allow full-field strain to be visualized and interrogated over the entire FSW region. It is demonstrated that the strains derived from the DIC can be associated with the local weld geometry and the material microstructure in the region of the FSW. The procedure is validated in the material elastic range and provides an important first step in enabling detailed mechanical assessments of the local effects in the FSW process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of High-Fidelity Imaging Procedures to Establish the Local Material Behavior in Friction Stir Welded Stainless Steel Joints

Ramachandran

Lakshminarayanan²,

Reed

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…Welding copper to low carbon steel can result to the occurrence of various flaws, such as cracks, shrinkage, porosity and the formation of fragile intermediate layers in the different carbon steel HAZ. 65,66 Scutelnicu 67 states that the most important issues caused by the welding processes are encountered in the transition area from weld to carbon steel. Figure 17(a) and (b) shows the microstructure of carbon steel and copper, respectively.…”

Section: Application Of Advanced Gmaw To Dmwmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art of advanced gas metal arc welding processes: Dissimilar metal welding

Mvola

Kah

Martikainen

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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The manufacturing industry has for many years shown interest in opportunities offered by the welding of dissimilar metals, for example, in transportation to reduce vehicles weight and in power plants, to fit heterogeneous working conditions. Early gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes had limited control of heat input, but advanced GMAW processes of the last decades offer new perspectives for welding dissimilar metals. The study review briefly dissimilar metal welding (DMW) and investigates advanced GMAW processes with emphasis on their general operating principles and arc control. Experiments performed on dissimilar metals using GMAW processes are then reviewed, highlighting those made using advanced gas metal arc welding processes. The study collates data from scientific literature on fusion dissimilar metal welding, advanced gas metal arc welding processes and experiments conducted with conventional GMAW. The study shows that the welding procedure specification is an important factor in dissimilar metal welding. Advanced GMAW processes have significant potential in fusion welding of dissimilar metals in the case of ferrous metals, ferrous and non-ferrous metal combinations and non-ferrous metals of different grades. Accurate control of heat input allows more effective prediction of intermetallics and better control of post heat treatments. Increased understanding of advanced processes will permit development of more suitable specifications of gas metal arc welding procedures for dissimilar metal welding. Process flexibility and adaptability to robotic mass production will allow for wider application of this process and the avoidance of costly alternative methods.

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“…Dissimilar metals are welded to achieve physical flexibility, but this practice often results in problems that negatively affect the performance of the weld [2]. Many researchers have investigated the effects of the welding method used for different materials that are characterized by different electrochemical [3], thermal [4], optical [5], and mechanical properties [6][7][8][9], especially dissimilar metals [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In general, for conventional joints with two dissimilar metals, the primary concern is the potential effect of the unique properties of the materials on the fusing process and further determines the mechanical behavior of the joint [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often used as the material of large container structure because of its high chemical stability and good corrosion resistance in a calcium salt environment [25]. However, T2 copper has low strength and a large specific gravity, which results in its limitation in lightweight design [11]. In contrast, high strength and easy cutting behavior characterize 45 Steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Toughness, Breakthrough Morphology, Microstructural Analysis of the T2 Copper-45 Steel Welded Joints

et al. 2020

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The performance and flaws of welded joints are important features that characteristics of the welding material influence. There is significant research activity on the performance and characteristics of welding joint materials. However, the properties of dissimilar welding materials and the cracking problem have not been thoroughly investigated. This investigation focuses on the evaluation and analysis of fracture mechanics, including fracture toughness, microstructural analysis, and crack initiation of T2 copper-45 steel dissimilar welding materials. Standard tensile and three-point bending experiments were performed to calculate the ultimate strength, yield strength, and elastic modulus for fracture toughness. The macro/micro-fracture morphology for tensile fracture and three-point bending fracture were analysed. Based on these investigations, it was concluded that the fracture types were quasi-cleavage and an intergranular brittle fracture mixed model. The deflection of the crack path was discussed and it was determined that the crack was extended along the weld area and tilted towards the T2 copper. Finally, the crack propagation and deflecting direction after the three-point bending test could provide the basis for improvement in the performance of welded joints based on experimental testing parameters and ABAQUS finite element analysis.

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Metallurgical and mechanical examinations of steel–copper joints arc welded using bronze and nickel-base superalloy filler materials

Cited by 81 publications

References 19 publications

Development of High-Fidelity Imaging Procedures to Establish the Local Material Behavior in Friction Stir Welded Stainless Steel Joints

Development of High-Fidelity Imaging Procedures to Establish the Local Material Behavior in Friction Stir Welded Stainless Steel Joints

State-of-the-art of advanced gas metal arc welding processes: Dissimilar metal welding

Fracture Toughness, Breakthrough Morphology, Microstructural Analysis of the T2 Copper-45 Steel Welded Joints

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