Metallurgical characterization of the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel Eurofer'97 on as-received condition

Fernández, P.; Lancha, A.M.; Lapeña, J.; Hernández‐Mayoral, M.

doi:10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00563-4

Cited by 103 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…7) The M 23 C 6 phase was Cr-rich with smaller amounts of W and V, the balance of the metallic component being iron. 7) Similar results for carbide composition measurements were found in experimental AEA-Culham 9 to 11CrWVTa steels after tempering at 675 or 750°C and ageing at 750°C for 500 h or at 500°C for 1 000 h, 18) and for the Eurofer97 RA alloy after tempering 11) and ageing. 12) On the other hand, M 7 C 3 , M 23 C 6 , M 3 C, and M 6 C carbides have been observed in 2.25Cr steels.…”

Section: C 6 M 7 C 3 or M 6 C Carbidessupporting

confidence: 82%

“…21) These values are close to those described by other authors for lower temperatures. 22,23) On the other hand, Ta was found in M 23 C 6 carbides after ageing the alloy F82H for up to 10 000 h 24) and, marginally, in the as-tempered state of the Eurofer97 11) and the 11Cr, RA Russian 25) steels. From the point of view of precipitation effects on mechanical properties of RA steels, coarsening of precipitates such as M 23 C 6 , M 6 C or Laves phases is known to diminish the material toughness at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: C 6 M 7 C 3 or M 6 C Carbidesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Three types of MX precipitates have been reported for the as-tempered (760°C, 1.5 h) RA alloy Eurofer97 11) : spherical (Ta-rich or V-rich), plate (V-rich) and "wing", the last one being developed when a V-rich particle grows attached to a spherical Ta-rich particle. After thermal ageing at 500°C/5 000 h and 600°C/1 000 h no significant changes in composition were observed, although MX particles did exhibit a slight growth.…”

Section: Morphology and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic Modeling in Reduced Activation Steels

Danón

Servant

2005

ISIJ Int.

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Reduced Activation (RA) martensitic steels of the 9/11CrWVTa type are promising candidates for fusion reactor applications as long as they exhibit good mechanical properties-similar to those of commercial martensitic steels of the 9/12CrMo(NbV) type-and satisfy design criteria related to the behavior under irradiation. A contribution on thermodynamic modeling in RA steels is presented. The current status of the development of a thermodynamic database in the framework of the CALPHAD approach is reported. Thermodynamic calculations concerning RA alloys are discussed which can be helpful to interpret experimental observations on phase relationships, phase compositions, transition temperatures, etc.

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Section: C 6 M 7 C 3 or M 6 C Carbidessupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: C 6 M 7 C 3 or M 6 C Carbidesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Morphology and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic Modeling in Reduced Activation Steels

Danón

Servant

2005

ISIJ Int.

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“…Note that in order to obtain the reduced-activation behavior, several alloying elements commonly added to commercial martensitic stainless steels like Ni, Nb and Mo have been replaced by W, V, Ta, which under neutron irradiation produce shorter half-life radionuclides. A detailed description of the microstructure of the Eurofer97 can be found in [14]. The fracture specimens were machined from the 25 mm thick plate, heat E83697, produced by Böhler AG.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D finite element and experimental study of the size requirements for measuring toughness on tempered martensitic steels

Mueller¹,

Spätig²

2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The fracture properties of the tempered martensitic steel Eurofer97, which is among the main candidates for fusion power plant structural applications, were studied with two sizes of pre-cracked compact specimens (0.35T C(T) and 0.87T C(T)). The fracture toughness behavior was characterized within the temperature range -80 to -40 ºC. The ductile-to-brittle transition reference temperature, as defined in the ASTM standard E1921, was around T 0 ≈ -75 ºC. At -60 °C, it was found that two sets of toughness data obtained with 0.35T and 0.87T C(T) specimens are not consistent with the size adjustments recommended in the ASTM standard. It was then shown that the underlying reason of this inconsistency is an inappropriate specimen size limit of the ASTM standard for this type of steel. From published fracture toughness data on the tempered martensitic steel F82H steel, similar results were also highlighted. 3D finite elements simulations of the compact specimens were performed to compare the stresses and deformations at the onset of fracture. A local approach model based on the attainment of a critical stress and a critical volume was used to study the constraint loss phenomenon. Within the framework of this model, the strong toughness increase by reducing the specimen size could be satisfactorily explained.2

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“…The Cr-rich M 23 C 6 carbides are mainly located on the prior austenite grain boundaries and martensite lath boundaries. The Ta-rich or V-rich MX types are located inside lath martensite (Fernández et al 2001). The coarsening rate of M 23 C 6 is larger.…”

Section: China Low Activation Martensitic Steelmentioning

confidence: 96%

Introduction to Heat-Resistant Steels

Yan

Wang

Shan

et al. 2015

9-12Cr Heat-Resistant Steels

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This chapter introduces the various topics included in the book, in subsequent chapters. As the research book assumes that the reader has graduatelevel materials science knowledge, this is not discussed in the introduction chapter here. Instead, the introduction focuses on different types of steels, including conventional heat-resistant steels, silicon-bearing high chromium heat-resistant steels and nitride-strengthened reduced activation heat-resistant steels. Topics relevant to service conditions and behaviour of steels follow, in thermal ageing, microstructural stability and creep. Finally, the hot deformation processing of steels is discussed. The chapter can be read independently of the rest of the book, but, with its wide referencing, it is also useful in assisting in reading the in-depth chapters that follow and being referred back to. Directly referring to later chapters and sections helps with the latter.

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Metallurgical characterization of the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel Eurofer'97 on as-received condition

Cited by 103 publications

References 5 publications

Thermodynamic Modeling in Reduced Activation Steels

Thermodynamic Modeling in Reduced Activation Steels

3D finite element and experimental study of the size requirements for measuring toughness on tempered martensitic steels

Introduction to Heat-Resistant Steels

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