Metallurgical investigation of aluminum anode behavior in water-in-salt electrolyte for aqueous aluminum batteries

Rastabi, Shahrzad Arshadi; Razaz, Ghadir; Hummelgård, Magnus; Carlberg, Torbjörn; Blomquist, Nicklas; Örtegren, Jonas; Olin, Håkan

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231066

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…After symmetric cell testing, the collected byproducts were mainly Al 2 Cu and Cu 2 O particles (Figure S8), which further support the hydrolysis reaction rather than aluminum plating during the charging process. Rastabi’s group , indicated that even in the ionic liquid electrolyte ([EMImCl] and AlCl 3 in 1:2 ratio) or AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O WISE (mass ratio of AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O to water was 4), the Al matrix tends to initiate corrosion around Al 3 Fe intermetallic phases. Figure c summarizes the activation mechanism of the Al–Cu alloy anode in aqueous electrolytes for AAIBs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum and Its Alloy Anode in Aqueous Aluminum Cells

Wu,

Lin,

Tsai

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AAIBs) are attractive electrochemical cells for energy storage because of Earth's crust abundance, inexpensiveness, high theoretical capacity, and safety of aluminum. However, state-of-the-art AAIBs based on aluminum or its alloy anode show ambiguity in the detailed charge−discharge reactions, and the activation mechanisms still need to be explored. Herein, we investigate the effects of surface modification (treated aluminum in ionic liquids (T-Al)) or the alloying approach (Al−Cu alloy or Zn−Al alloy) in different anionic aqueous aluminum-based electrolytes (e.g., 1 M Al(OTF) 3 , AlCl 3 , and Al(NO 3 ) 3 ). Neither the surface modification nor the alloying approach can support the rechargeability of aluminum atoms from the employed aqueous electrolytes. During the charge−discharge cycles of the symmetric cells in the aqueous electrolytes, the dissolution of aluminum and its alloy, accompanied by severe gas evolution, was observed. These corrosion reactions resulted in corrosive activity of aluminum and its alloy in these selected aqueous electrolytes. The aluminum and T-Al anode activity in these aqueous electrolytes was mainly induced by the chloride anions present in the aqueous electrolytes or residual in the treated artificial solid−electrolyte interface layer. For the activity of the Al−Cu alloy, nanolamellar Al 2 Cu served as the catalyst and kept the hydrolysis by α-Al in aqueous electrolytes to continuously generate H 2 . The Zn−Al alloy anode exhibited a severe gas evolution reaction in these aqueous electrolytes and, therefore, showed the highest activity among these Al anodes. Thus, for the first time, the present work clarified the mechanisms of reactions occurring at the Al anode using the surface modification or alloying approach of aqueous electrolyte Al cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum and Its Alloy Anode in Aqueous Aluminum Cells

Wu,

Lin,

Tsai

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…To find cost-effective, convenient and efficient schemes, previous works proposed that aluminum alloy anodes (Mo─Al, [23] Cu─Al, [24] Fe─Al, [25] Li─Al, [26] Zn─Al) [27][28][29] are effective in maintaining the reversibility and stability of the anode electrochemical reaction, as this scheme circumvents the objectionable Al 2 O 3 passivation layer of pure aluminum anodes. Among these alloy materials, Al─Zn alloy anode not only offers cost-effectiveness due to their ease of preparation, but also stimulates preferably electrochemical performance of the battery.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm202304016mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Anodic Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Interfaces for Long Cycle Life Aqueous Aluminum–Zinc Hybrid Ion Batteries

Lu,

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Aqueous aluminum ion batteries (AAIBs) have drawn considerable attention due to their intrinsic safety, cost‐effectiveness, eco‐friendliness, and high theoretical capacity of aluminum. Currently, suitable anode materials are crucial for the development of high‐performance AAIBs. For the first time, a hydrophilic (ZnCr2O4) and hydrophobic (PVDF) layer modified zinc anode paired with an aluminum‐based aqueous electrolyte to construct a high‐performance aluminum–zinc hybrid ion battery. The Hydrophilic ZnCr2O4 layer of anode endows the battery with low polarization by boosting the pre‐desolvation and deposition kinetics of aluminum/zinc ions. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic PVDF layer suppresses water‐induced corrosion of the anode. The synergistic effect of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers of the anode stimulates the battery to exhibit unprecedented cycle life (> 6000 cycles) and considerable discharge capacity (280 mAh g−1), compared to the batteries proposed in previous works paired with aluminum alloy anodes and aluminum‐based aqueous electrolytes. This novel anode provides powerful backing for the development of long‐life and high‐capacity aqueous polyvalent ion batteries due to its low cost and simple fabrication process.

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“…References [23,28] state that Al 3 Fe phases are the preferred sites for the electrolyte to break the oxide barrier and initiate corrosion. A higher number of Al 3 Fe particles provides a larger number of possible locations to break through, and thus a larger surface area for the electrolyte to be involved in electrochemical activity.…”

Section: Materials Analysis Of Aluminum Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, Al 3 Fe phases in the Al matrix produce points where the passivating oxide layer is potentially weak when in contact with an electrolyte [23]. A previous paper [28] about an aqueous Al battery found that Al 3 Fe phases acted as beneficial sites for the electrolyte to eliminate the oxide barrier on an Al surface, resulting in enhanced electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum Alloy Anode with Various Iron Content Influencing the Performance of Aluminum-Ion Batteries

Razaz

Arshadirastabi²,

Blomquist³

et al. 2023

Materials

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Considerable research has been devoted to the development of cathode materials for Al-ion batteries, but challenges remain regarding the behavior of aluminum anodes. Inert oxide (Al2O3) film on Al surfaces presents a barrier to electrochemical activity. The structure of the oxide film needs to be weakened to facilitate ion transfer during electrochemical activity. This study addresses oxide film challenges by studying Al alloy anodes with different iron content. The results reveal that using an anode of 99% Al 1% Fe in a cell increases the cycling lifetime by 48%, compared to a 99.99% Al anode. The improvement observed with the 99% Al 1% Fe anode is attributed to its fractional surface area corrosion being about 12% larger than that of a 99.99% Al anode. This is coupled to precipitation of a higher number of Al3Fe particles, which are evenly scattered in the Al matrix of 99% Al 1% Fe. These Al3Fe particles constitute weak spots in the oxide film for the electrolyte to attack, and access to fresh Al. The addition of iron to an Al anode thus offers a cheap and easy route for targeting the oxide passivating film challenge in Al-ion batteries.

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Metallurgical investigation of aluminum anode behavior in water-in-salt electrolyte for aqueous aluminum batteries

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Unveiling the Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum and Its Alloy Anode in Aqueous Aluminum Cells

Unveiling the Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum and Its Alloy Anode in Aqueous Aluminum Cells

Synergistic Effect of Anodic Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Interfaces for Long Cycle Life Aqueous Aluminum–Zinc Hybrid Ion Batteries

Aluminum Alloy Anode with Various Iron Content Influencing the Performance of Aluminum-Ion Batteries

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