Metallurgie der Stahlherstellung

Oeters, Franz

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-51165-3

Cited by 75 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…In this context, emulsification of slag droplets is caused by the turning around of fluid flow at the top of the plume eye. 47) When the critical interfacial velocity is exceeded, the surface area of the slag droplets is typically multifold compared to the plain interfacial area of the steelslag interface. 33) Moreover, the contribution of the steel-slag droplet interface is accentuated by the high mass transfer rate resulting from vigorous argon stirring and small slag droplet size.…”

Section: Derivation Of a Mathematical Model For The Reduction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Mathematical Model for the Reduction Stage of the AOD Process. Part I: Derivation of the Model

et al. 2013

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A process model was proposed by Järvinen and co-authors for modelling the side-blowing decarburisation stage of the Argon-Oxygen Decarburisation (AOD) process. Here, a new model for the reduction stage has been derived and coupled with the earlier-developed model. The model considers mass-transfer controlled reversible reactions between the steel bath and the top slag. The effect of emulsification phenomena on the total reaction area and on the mass and heat transfer characteristics have been taken into account. The effects of various additions on the mass and heat balance have also been considered. The paper is divided into two parts: Part I presents the derivation of the model, while Part II considers validation of the model with full-scale production data from a 150 t AOD converter at Outokumpu Stainless Oy, Tornio Works, Finland.

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Section: Derivation Of a Mathematical Model For The Reduction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this equation, it is apparent that the number of droplets formed increases with a thickening slag layer and increasing interfacial velocity, respectively. 47) The values used for this equation are discussed in the following paragraphs.…”

Section: Rate Of Slag Droplet Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model for the Reduction Stage of the AOD Process. Part I: Derivation of the Model

et al. 2013

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“…In addition to the equation proposed by Oeters,23) two other equations were tested alongside for comparison. The equation proposed by Asai 24) predicted relatively large droplets sizes in excess of 10 mm, thus being substantially large compared to results in the literature.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The droplet size equation 23) used in the model was compared to other equations for slag droplet size presented in the literature. 13,24) It was found that the equation proposed by Asai 24) yields too large droplet sizes, which was suggested also by Sulasalmi et al 13) Using this equation, the predicted surface area of the emulsified slag droplets would be smaller.…”

Section: Emulsification Of Slagmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model for the Reduction Stage of the AOD Process. Part II: Model Validation and Results

et al. 2013

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A process model was proposed by Järvinen and co-authors for modelling the side-blowing decarburisation stage of the Argon-Oxygen Decarburisation (AOD) process. In Part I, a new mathematical model was derived for the reduction stage and coupled with the decarburisation model developed earlier. This paper, Part II, considers the validation of the model for the reduction stage with full-scale production data from a 150 t AOD converter in operation at Outokumpu Stainless Oy, Tornio Works, Finland. The results indicate that the model can accurately predict the end composition of the steel bath. Moreover, the model can be used to study rate phenomena during the reduction stage. Model predictions suggest that the reduction rate of chromium oxides is controlled initially by mass transfer of silicon onto the reaction surface and later by the diffusive mass transfer of chromium oxides in the slag droplets. Sensitivity of the model predictions to different initial bath temperatures, blowing times, ferrosilicon particle sizes and ferrosilicon feed rates was studied.

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“…[3][4][5][6] It is however known that an increase in oxygen input, either due to an increase in oxygen blowing rate [3][4][5] or due to the addition of ore, [6] increases the decarburization rate. Furthermore, Anderson et al [6] published the delay between the occurrence of a change in a control variable such as the iron ore addition rate and a change in decarburization rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Modeling of the Main Blow in Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Using Measured Step Responses

Kattenbelt

Roffel

2008

Metall Mater Trans B

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In the control and optimization of basic oxygen steelmaking, it is important to have an understanding of the influence of control variables on the process. However, important process variables such as the composition of the steel and slag cannot be measured continuously. The decarburization rate and the accumulation rate of oxygen, which can be derived from the generally measured waste gas flow and composition, are an indication of changes in steel and slag composition. The influence of the control variables on the decarburization rate and the accumulation rate of oxygen can best be determined in the main blow period. In this article, the measured step responses of the decarburization rate and the accumulation rate of oxygen to step changes in the oxygen blowing rate, lance height, and the addition rate of iron ore during the main blow are presented. These measured step responses are subsequently used to develop a dynamic model for the main blow. The model consists of an iron oxide and a carbon balance and an additional equation describing the influence of the lance height and the oxygen blowing rate on the decarburization rate. With this simple dynamic model, the measured step responses can be explained satisfactorily.

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Metallurgie der Stahlherstellung

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

A Mathematical Model for the Reduction Stage of the AOD Process. Part I: Derivation of the Model

A Mathematical Model for the Reduction Stage of the AOD Process. Part I: Derivation of the Model

A Mathematical Model for the Reduction Stage of the AOD Process. Part II: Model Validation and Results

Dynamic Modeling of the Main Blow in Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Using Measured Step Responses

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