Metals concentration levels in printed circuit boards of discarded cathode ray tube television: trends over the years

Oke, Emmanuel A.; Osibanjo, Oladele; Raheem, Saheed Abiola; Oluyinka, Olutayo A.; Ibe, Kelechukwu K.

doi:10.1080/03067319.2021.1958802

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…PCBs constitute a notable portion of e-waste, comprising discarded items, such as televisions, MP3 players, computers, laptops and appliances [26,27]. They contribute around 3.0-5.0% of the total mass of e-waste [28].…”

Section: Pcbs and Their Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discarded e-waste/printed circuit boards: a review of their recent methods of disassembly, sorting and environmental implications

Oke,

Potgieter

2024

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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The improper disposal of discarded electronic and electrical equipment raises environmental and health concerns, spanning air pollution to water and soil contamination, underscoring the imperative for responsible management practises. This review explores the complex composition of discarded printed circuit boards (DPCBs), crucial components in electronic devices. Comprising substrates, electronic elements and solder, DPCBs showcase a heterogeneous structure with metal (30.0–50.0%) and non-metal (50.0–70.0%) fractions. Notably abundant in precious metals such as Au, Ag, and Pd, DPCBs offer a compelling avenue for recycling initiatives. The inclusion of heavy metals and flame retardants adds complexity, necessitating environmentally sound disposal methods. Ongoing research on smart disassembly, utilising 3D image recognition technology, underscores the importance of accurate identification and positioning of electronic components (ECs). The targeted approach of smart disassembly, centred on valuable components, highlights its significance, albeit with challenges in equipment costs and capacity limitations. In mechanical disassembly, techniques such as grinding and heat application are employed to extract ECs, with innovations addressing gas emissions and damage induced by overheating. Chemical disassembly methods, encompassing epoxy resin delamination and tin removal, present promising recovery options, whilst the integration of chemical and electrochemical processes shows potential. Efficient sorting, encompassing both manual and automated methods, is imperative post-disassembly, with smart sorting technologies augmenting accuracy in the identification and categorisation of ECs. In addition, explorations into NH3/NH4+ solutions for selective metal recovery underscore challenges and stress the necessity for meticulous process optimisation in environmentally sustainable PCB recycling. Challenges and future perspectives have also been expounded.

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Section: Pcbs and Their Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discarded e-waste/printed circuit boards: a review of their recent methods of disassembly, sorting and environmental implications

Oke,

Potgieter

2024

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

Self Cite

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Recent chemical methods for metals recovery from printed circuit boards: A review

Oke,

Potgieter

2024

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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As the volume of e-waste continues to rise, it is crucial to sustainably manage printed circuit boards (PCBs) and their valuable metal components. PCBs are ubiquitous in modern society, powering a variety of electronic devices. The metal resource crisis and the imperative for a low-carbon circular economy have accelerated the development of e-waste recycling technology. High-value discarded PCBs represent a vital component of e-waste. However, discarded PCBs are deemed hazardous to the ecosystem due to the presence of heavy metals and brominated organic polymers. Thus, recycling metals from discarded PCBs is not only a strategic necessity for fostering a green ecological civilisation but also a crucial guarantee for ensuring a safe supply of mineral resources. This comprehensive review gives the profound details of PCBs, and the performance of and advances in the latest chemical metal recovery methods. Reviewing the latest metal recovery processes, we explored the application of diverse leaching agents, including ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs), organic acids and amino acids. These solvents were assessed in terms of their recovery efficiencies, and most of them demonstrated excellent leaching performance. The role of optimising leaching parameters such as concentration, oxidants, pH, particle size, solid-to-liquid ratios (S/L), temperature, and contact time is underscored, offering insights into achieving sustainable PCB recycling practices. Most of these recent leaching methods successfully extracted base metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Sn, etc.), as well as precious metals (Au and Ag), achieving leaching efficiencies exceeding 90.0%. Interestingly, their effectiveness can compete with that of traditional hydrometallurgical methods.

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Effect of mechanical pre-treatment on the recovery potential of rare-earth elements and gold from discarded hard disc drives

Habibzadeh,

Kucuker,

Gökelma

2024

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Metals concentration levels in printed circuit boards of discarded cathode ray tube television: trends over the years

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Discarded e-waste/printed circuit boards: a review of their recent methods of disassembly, sorting and environmental implications

Discarded e-waste/printed circuit boards: a review of their recent methods of disassembly, sorting and environmental implications

Recent chemical methods for metals recovery from printed circuit boards: A review

Effect of mechanical pre-treatment on the recovery potential of rare-earth elements and gold from discarded hard disc drives

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