Metals detected by ICP/MS in wound tissue of war injuries without fragments in Gaza

Skaik, Sobhi; Abu-Shaban, Nafiz; Abu-Shaban, Nasser; Barbieri, Mário; Barbieri, Maurizio; Giani, Umberto; Manduca, Paola

doi:10.1186/1472-698x-10-17

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The topic of long-term effects of weapon-derived metal contamination on reproductive health by weaponry and its quantitative impact in terms of death and diseases remains nonetheless substantially unexplored. Meanwhile exposures to metal delivering weaponry have been and are extensive [24][25][26][27][28], involving a very large number of people and could have effects on health for an unknown length of time in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the military attack on Gaza in 2009, we sought to act quickly; previous observations suggesting long-term effects on health of war toxicants and teratogens, persisting in the environment, were not well documented and followed up. Since 200, we collected a number of environmental clues and data and we proved the presence of heavy metals in in the wounds produced by weaponry utilized in Gaza in 2006 and 2009 [27]; we showed the presence in the environment of metal war-remnants and their uptake by civilians a year after the 2009 military attacks [25,26], and the passage of metals in utero to newborns after a mother's exposure to attacks [22]. We collected retrospective evidence of an increase in birth defects in Gaza since military airborne attacks started after Israelis retiring their settlements in the Gaza strip in 2005 [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, we used, along with surveillance, the measure of the level of contamination of mothers by heavy metals. We analyzed the load for 23 metals, and here report only on those with potential relevance and that were found in munitions used in Gaza [25,26] and found in wound tissue [27], and were associated with newborn birth defects or preterm birth in Gaza [22,30,31], and that have a higher overall level in all the cohorts at all times studied than in a reference population outside war areas. This allowed us to learn about the long-term effects of documented acute and potential chronical exposures with unprecedented details.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long Term Risks to Neonatal Health from Exposure to War—9 Years Long Survey of Reproductive Health and Contamination by Weapon-Delivered Heavy Metals in Gaza, Palestine

Manduca¹,

Baraquni

Parodi

2020

IJERPH

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Introduction: High levels of environmental contaminants with long term effects and teratogenic and carcinogenic potential, such as heavy metals, were introduced by weaponry in war areas in the last decades. Poorer reproductive health and increases in non-communicable diseases were reported after wars and are the suspected long term effects of contamination by stable war remnants. Although potentially affecting millions of people, this is still an understudied issue of public health. Background: Gaza, Palestine since 2006 has been an object of repeated severe military attacks that left heavy metals remnants in the environment, in wound tissues and that were assumed by the population. Retrospective studies showed a progressive increase in birth defects since the 2006 attacks. In 2011 we started surveillance at birth alongside analysis of the heavy metals load carried by pregnant women and their babies. Methods: We used protocols for birth registration which also document the extent of exposures to attacks, war remnants and to other environmental risks that allow comparison of 3 data sets-2011, 2016 and 2018-2019 (4000-6000 women in each set). By ICP/MS analysis we determined the content of 23 metals in mothers' hair. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed. Results: Comparison of data in birth registers showed a major increase in the prevalence in birth defects and preterm babies between 2011 and 2016, respectively from 1.1 to 1.8% and from 1.1 to 7.9%, values remaining stable in 2019. Negative outcomes at birth in 2016 up to 2019 were associated with exposure of the mothers to the attacks in 2014 and/or to hot spots of heavy metals contamination. Metal loads since the attacks in 2014 were consistently high until 2018-2019 for barium, arsenic, cobalt, cadmium, chrome, vanadium and uranium, pointing to these metals as potential inducers for the increased prevalence of negative health outcomes at birth since 2016. Conclusions: Bodily accumulation of metals following exposure whilst residing in attacked buildings predispose women to negative birth outcomes. We do not know if the metals act in synergy. Trial for mitigation of the documented negative effects of high metal load on reproductive health, and ensuing perinatal deaths, could now be done in Gaza, based on this documentary record. High load of heavy metals may explain recent increases in non-communicable diseases and cancers at all ages in Gaza. Modern war's legacy of diseases and deaths extends in time to populations and demands monitoring.Keywords: surveillance at birth and prevalence of birth defects and preterm babies; heavy metal load in human cohorts; exposure to war and weapon-remnants; relevance of acute and chronic exposure to heavy metals in environment for reproductive health outcomes Int.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long Term Risks to Neonatal Health from Exposure to War—9 Years Long Survey of Reproductive Health and Contamination by Weapon-Delivered Heavy Metals in Gaza, Palestine

Manduca¹,

Baraquni

Parodi

2020

IJERPH

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“…The brain tissues were excised at the same time intervals as in the MP content test. The brain tissues were homogenized and digested with 6 % HNO 3 for 1 h in a microwave and the Cd 2+ content in the brains was measured using inductively coupled plasma-MS (Skaik et al 2010).…”

Section: Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential protein profile in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain under the joint exposure of methyl parathion and cadmium

Ling

Huang

2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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As different chemicals, methyl parathion (MP) and cadmium (Cd) can induce neurotoxicity on the brain of aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to explore the differential expression proteins in the brain induced by their joint stress and their joint effects, which are poorly reported, and devotes finding novel biomarkers for monitoring their contamination in water and assessing their neurological effects. The bioaccumulation of MP and Cd in tissues after 96 h of exposure was first analyzed by GC and inductively coupled plasma-MS to provide insights into the interaction. Protein profile changes in the brains of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to MP and Cd were further investigated using the proteomic approach. The correlation of gene expression on the transcription level of mRNA and the translation level of protein was examined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis. It showed that Cd and MP have an interaction on their bioaccumulation, which suggests that their joint effect over 96 h might be antagonistic. Proteomics revealed that 22 protein spots changed their expression levels under stress, of which 16 proteins were identified using MS. These proteins were involved in oxidation/reduction, metabolism, energy production, receptor activity, and cytoskeleton assembly. Among them, five proteins with a remarkable abundance change are significantly suggested to play important roles in the joint effect. This work demonstrates that there exists an interaction between MP and Cd toxicities, which may aid in our understanding of the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by joint stress. The results may also provide the possibility of the establishment of candidate biomarkers for monitoring MP and Cd contamination in water.

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“…For survivors, immediate injuries can result in a range of long term physical condition (1) . Information accumulated in the last 6 years in Iraq shows an increase in oncological, chronic and reproductive diseases and malformations at birth, particularly high in the areas most severely attacked (3) . It is well-known that excess of the heavy metals can disrupt body functions and have pathogenic effects on human respiratory organs, kidney, skin and affect sexual and neurological development and functions (3)(4)(5)(6) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum heavy metals in patients with fragments and shells of improvised explosive devices

Hassan¹,

Alfhady²,

Aljumaily³

2011

Ann Coll Med Mosul

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Background: Iraq is the most affected country by injuries of improvised explosive devices (IED) including bomb car, bomb born on person and roadside bombs. Embedded fragments and shells can release heavy metal. High level of heavy metal in serum carries dangerous long term risk for injured patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the serum level of heavy metals (copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, and zinc) in patients with fragments and shells from IED including bomb car, bomb born on person and roadside bombs. Material and methods: Serum concentrations of heavy metals (copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, and zinc) were assayed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 52 patients with fragments and shells from IED. Serum concentrations of heavy metals were measured in 52 healthy adults as control group. Results: The mean serum level of copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, and zinc in patients were 1304 ± 258.1 µg/L, 36.5 ± 16.7 µg/L, 6.203 ± 2.372 µg/L, 0.387 ± 0.183 µg/L, and 1651 ± 532 µg/L respectively, while in control were 824.2 ± 203.6 µg/L, 31 ± 15.1 µg/L, 1.654 ± 0.4 µg/L, 0.239 ± 0.028 µg/L, 619 ± 234 µg/L respectively. The differences in serum copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, and zinc between patient and control is highly significant, (P value < 0.0001), while the differences in serum lead between patient and control is not significant ( P value > 0.05). Conclusion:The present study demonstrates that a highly significant increase in serum level of copper, cadmium, nickel, and zinc in patient with fragments and shells from IED in comparison with control group, while the difference in serum lead in patients and control was not significant.

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Metals detected by ICP/MS in wound tissue of war injuries without fragments in Gaza

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Long Term Risks to Neonatal Health from Exposure to War—9 Years Long Survey of Reproductive Health and Contamination by Weapon-Delivered Heavy Metals in Gaza, Palestine

Long Term Risks to Neonatal Health from Exposure to War—9 Years Long Survey of Reproductive Health and Contamination by Weapon-Delivered Heavy Metals in Gaza, Palestine

Differential protein profile in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain under the joint exposure of methyl parathion and cadmium

Serum heavy metals in patients with fragments and shells of improvised explosive devices

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