Metals from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II (Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)

Abstract

The present article describes materials from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II, Sverdlovsk Oblast. Few excavations carried out at the site measuring less than 240 sq. m in size, yielded more than 160 bronze artifacts: utensils, weapons, rolled copper ornaments, and abundant smelting and casting waste. Apart from Seima-Turbino (celts and laminar knives) and Eurasian types (daggers with cast hilts, truncated knives with guards, fluted bracelets and rings), several metal artifacts were revealed manufactured in the style of the Samus-Kizhirovo tradition. Bronze artifacts, stone knives and scrapers, and numerous arrowheads are accompanied by ceramics of the Koptyaki type. Metals use mainly a copper-tin alloy. This assemblage is shown to be relevant to the local tradition of metalworking, which, in this particular region, was comparatively ancient having been left uninterrupted by the rapid migrations of the Seima-Turbino people. In addition, the assemblage indicates the sources from which post-Seima artifacts reached the Alakul people. These artifacts may also have been linked with a large metalworking center located in the Middle Urals. RESUMEN

On locating Proto-Uralic

“…Sites of the culture show bronze items of both the Samus-Kizhirovo type and the Seima-Turbino type, and its chronology and origin remain so far rather unclear. It probably derives partly from the local Ayat Culture, partly from eastern and southern influences (Korochkova et al 2010;Korochkova 2019;Grigoriev 2021: 22). The Koptyaki Culture had contacts with the cultures to the south, unlike the contemporaneous cultures in the West Siberian southern taiga zone (Korochkova 2012: 146).…”