Metals in Wild and Cultured Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) from Fish Markets in Sinop: Consumer’s Health Risk Assessment

Abstract

Concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn were determined in the muscles of wild and farmed European seabass in Sinop markets between September and December in 2020, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion. In the study, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu) were found higher than the other metals both in wild and cultured Dicentrarchus labrax . These are essential elements, but excess amounts act as a poison. Arsenic (As) concentration was higher than cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) both in wild and cultured D. labrax . The estimated maximum total dietary intakes of these eight metals from both wild and farmed European seabass were below the maximum acceptable daily intake values set by the Turkish Food Codex and European Union Regulation. Results showed that according to metal amounts, consumption of D. labrax had no threat to consumers’ health. The target hazard quotient (THQ) revealed that harmful health impacts may not occur. Furthermore, risk index (RI) indicated that there may have a lower risk of developing cancer in the future who have been exposed to Pb and As through fish intake. Although the fish are not overly contaminated, the metal level is rising. Increased amounts of heavy metals in fish in different areas could be due to an increase in farm inflow water, domestic sewage, and a number of other anthropogenic sources, all of which should be looked into further. Precautions should be made to safeguard this fish from metal contamination and to reduce the risk to human health.

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF ARSENIC CONTAMINATION FROM THE CONSUMPTION OF COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT EUROPEAN SEA BASS (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758)

“…The mean muscle As concentration was 0.11 ± 0.02 mg kg -1 . Furthermore, As accumulations were slightly higher in cultured European sea bass than wild European sea bass [78]. Finally, Yabanlı et al ( 2016) investigated arsenic accumulation wild and cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758) muscle samples in fish from Güllük Bay.…”

Metal levels in Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) and their health risk assessment for consumers

“…The equation below shows the estimated daily intake (mg/kg/day): $$$$\begin{equation*}EDI\; = \frac{{{C_{fish}}\;x\;IR}}{{Bwt}}\end{equation*}$$$$where: C fish is the average level of metals in pike perch (mg/kg), IR is the daily fish consumption rate and Bwt represents the average bodyweight. It is known that daily fish consumption amounts of consumers vary according to different age groups and weights (Bat, Öztekin et al., 2022; Bat, Şahin et al., 2022; Bat, Şahin, Öztekin et al., 2022). In this study, calculations were made based on three groups, considering the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation data (UNSCEAR, 2010).…”

Seasonal variation of trace elements in water and sediment of the Turag and Balu Rivers, Bangladesh

“…Heavy metal pollution and its effect have gained a worldwide major concern due to its toxicity, long-term environmental persistence, non-biodegradable nature and accumulative behavior (Bhuyan et al, 2017a(Bhuyan et al, , 2019Ahmed et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2019;Ali et al, 2022;Bat et al, 2022). A large portion of heavy metals in the surface water has caused significant concern among governments and the general population for their excessive accumulation and biomagnification (Ali & Khan, 2018.…”