Metals leachability from medical waste incinerator fly ash: A case study on particle size comparison

Sukandar, Sukandar; Yasuda, Kenji; Tanaka, Masaru; Aoyama, Isao

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.010

Cited by 77 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…HNO 3 , conc. HCl and H 2 O 2 , with digestion at 95 ± 5 • C. Although this method is not effective in extracting silicate-bound metals, it has been widely used for digesting various solid wastes such as ashes, sludge, sediments, and soils [34].…”

Section: Us Epa Solid Waste 846 Methods 3050 Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Wet Digestion Methods for Quantification of Metal Content in Electronic Scrap Material

Das

Ting

2017

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Recent advances in the electronics sector and the short life-span of electronic products have triggered an exponential increase in the generation of electronic waste (E-waste). Effective recycling of E-waste has thus become a serious solid waste management challenge. E-waste management technologies include pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and bioleaching. Determining the metal content of an E-waste sample is critical in evaluating the efficiency of a metal recovery method in E-waste recycling. However, E-waste is complex and of diverse origins. The lack of a standard digestion method for E-waste has resulted in difficulty in comparing the efficiencies of different metal recovery processes. In this study, several solid digestion protocols including American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)-D6357-11, United States Environment Protection Agency Solid Waste (US EPA SW) 846 Method 3050b, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave digestion methods were compared to determine the metal content (Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Pd, Sn, and Zn) of electronic scrap materials (ESM) obtained from two different sources. The highest metal recovery (mg/g of ESM) was obtained using ASTM D6357-11 for most of the metals, which remained mainly bound to silicate fractions, while a microwave-assisted digestion protocol (MWD-2) was more effective in solubilizing Al, Pb, and Sn. The study highlights the need for a judicious selection of digestion protocol, and proposes steps for selecting an effective acid digestion method for ESM.

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Section: Us Epa Solid Waste 846 Methods 3050 Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With strong reagents (aqua regia and conc. HF) and reaction conditions (ashing at 500 • C and digestion at 150 • C), this method can be effective for the digestion of ESM due to the presence of a high concentration of silicates fraction [34].…”

Section: Astm D6357-11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Wet Digestion Methods for Quantification of Metal Content in Electronic Scrap Material

Das

Ting

2017

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“…Autoclaving and incineration are the main processes used for treating medical waste, the last being the oldest and, until now, the most used (Lee and Huffman, 1996;Sukandar et al, 2006). How-ever, this process demands high investment and exploration costs and it is not appropriate to treat small quantities of medical wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores by alkaline hydrolysis applied to medical waste treatment

Pinho

Nunes

Lobo-da-Cunha

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Management

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Although alkaline hydrolysis treatment emerges as an alternative disinfection/sterilization method for medical waste, information on its effects on the inactivation of biological indicators is scarce. The effects of alkaline treatment on the resistance of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores were investigated and the influence of temperature (80 o C, 100 o C and 110 o C) and NaOH concentration was evaluated. In addition, spore inactivation in the presence of animal tissues and discarded medical components, used as surrogate of medical waste, was also assessed. were approximately 3 times lower than those at 100 o C (8.8e1.6 min). Independent of the presence of animal tissues and discarded medical components, 6 log10 reduction times varied between 66 and 5 min at 100 o C-0.1 M NaOH and 110 o C-1 M NaOH, respectively. The alkaline treatment may be used in future as a disinfection or sterilization alternative method for contaminated waste.

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“…However, the sum of the two extractable fractions is very low, 20.19-36.23 mg/kg. Previous studies reported that the metal content in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions (the mobile fractions) is indicative of the potential availability and leaching of metals (Elliott et al, 1990;Sukandar et al, 2006), and it has been reported that metals associated with the Fe-Mn oxide fraction could not be immediately chemical reactive, but their mobility and availability could be potentially affected by the change of environmental conditions (Tan et al, 1997). Thus, the amounts of various metals in these two fractions indicate that Zn has the highest leaching potential and Ag, As, and Ba are negligible.…”

Section: Effects Of Chemical Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching assessments of toxic metals in waste plasma display panel glass

Chen

Jiang

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The plasma display panel (PDP) is rapidly becoming obsolete, contributing in large amounts to the electronic waste stream. In order to assess the potential for environmental pollution due to hazardous metals leached from PDP glass, standardized leaching procedures, chemical speciation assessments, and bioavailability tests were conducted. According to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), arsenic in back glass was present at 4.46 ± 0.22 mg/L, close to its regulation limit of 5 mg/L. Zn is not available in the TCLP, but its TCLP leaching concentration in back glass is 102.96 ± 5.34 mg/L. This is because more than 90% of Zn is in the soluble and exchangeable and carbonate fraction. We did not detect significant levels of Ag, Ba, or Cu in the TCLP leachate, and the main fraction of Ag and Ba is residual, more than 95%, while the fraction distribution of Cu changes SEP by SEP. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Ag, As, Ba, Cu, Zn, and Ni indicate a lower biohazards potential. These results show that, according to the EPA regulations, PDP glass may not be classified as hazardous waste because none of the metals exceeded their thresholds in PDP leachate. However, the concentrations of As and Zn should be lowered in the manufacturing process and finished product to avoid potential pollution problems.Implications: The plasma display panel is rapidly becoming obsolete because of the liquid crystal display. In this study, the leachability of heavy metals contained in the waste plasma display panel glass was first examined by standardized leaching tests, typical chemical speciation assessments, and bioavailability tests, providing fundamental data for waste PDP glass recovery, recycling, and reuse.

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Metals leachability from medical waste incinerator fly ash: A case study on particle size comparison

Cited by 77 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of Wet Digestion Methods for Quantification of Metal Content in Electronic Scrap Material

Evaluation of Wet Digestion Methods for Quantification of Metal Content in Electronic Scrap Material

Inactivation of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores by alkaline hydrolysis applied to medical waste treatment

Leaching assessments of toxic metals in waste plasma display panel glass

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