Metals on a Novel USY Zeolite after Hydrothermal Aging

Tian, Hui; Congjun, Huang; Fan, Zhongbi

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(01)80217-2

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It was found that lower reaction temperature (lower crystal growth rate) and longer aging time of nucleation resulted in smaller zeolite crystals. A similar result was reported by Zhdanov et al for the synthesis of Na−A zeolite. Typically, the particle size of zeolites depends on the relative rates of the two competing phenomena occurring during synthesis, namely, nucleation and crystal growth.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Several factors influencing the hydrothermal stability of Y zeolite have been reported, including the Si/Al ratio, 1 the dealumination procedure, [2][3][4][5][6] and the hydrothermal aging conditions. 7,8 Zeolites with higher hydrothermal stability can be obtained by using higher Si/Al ratios or by incorporating rare earth or noble metals into the zeolite framework to help prevent dealumination upon hydrothermal treatment. [9][10][11][12] Particle size has been found to affect the performance of zeolites for many catalytic reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While circulating in an FCC unit, zeolites encounter severe hydrothermal conditions, resulting in physical and chemical changes that affect the surface area, pore volume, and catalytic cracking performance of the zeolites. Several factors influencing the hydrothermal stability of Y zeolite have been reported, including the Si/Al ratio, the dealumination procedure, − and the hydrothermal aging conditions. , Zeolites with higher hydrothermal stability can be obtained by using higher Si/Al ratios or by incorporating rare earth or noble metals into the zeolite framework to help prevent dealumination upon hydrothermal treatment. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Alternative Correlation Equation between Particle Size and Structure Stability of H−Y Zeolite under Hydrothermal Treatment Conditions

Sombatchaisak

Praserthdam

Chaisuk

et al. 2004

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The effect of particle size in the range of 0.16−2.01 μm on the hydrothermal stability of H−Y zeolite under hydrothermal treatment conditions similar to those used in FCC processes was investigated. The average particle size of 0.45 μm was found to be the optimum particle size of H−Y zeolite to retain a high percent crystallinity upon hydrothermal treatment. A new correlation was developed by plotting the relative crystallinity (C/C 0) against the reciprocal of the square root of the particle size (d 0) of Y zeolite. The correlation accurately predicts the hydrothermal stability of Y zeolite in small to medium particle sizes for a given temperature. For the larger particle sizes of Y zeolite (>0.45 μm), no exact correlation between particle size and hydrothermal stability was found, probably because of the presence of more structural defects in the zeolite, as shown by higher Brønsted/Lewis acid ratios.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Alternative Correlation Equation between Particle Size and Structure Stability of H−Y Zeolite under Hydrothermal Treatment Conditions

Sombatchaisak

Praserthdam

Chaisuk

et al. 2004

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…This treatment did not improve the catalytic activity because the crystal lattice of the catalyst was basically destroyed at 700-800 • C. Since its physical structure was destroyed, it lost all catalytic effects [58]. In addition, some literature has reported that the presence of Fe and V (present in the spent catalyst) when heated to high temperatures can lead to the destruction of the zeolite structure [59]. Experiments 4 and 5 were comparison experiments in which the spent catalysts were used to catalyze the pyrolysis of waste tires.…”

Section: Catalyst Residual Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

A “Wastes-Treat-Wastes” Technology: Role and Potential of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Assisted Pyrolysis of Discarded Car Tires

2021

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Spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCC catalysts) produced by the petrochemical industry are considered to be environmentally hazardous waste, and precious metals and heavy metals deposited on the surface make them difficult to treat. Even so, these catalysts retain some of their activity. The pyrolysis of waste tires is considered to be one of the most effective ways to solve the fossil fuel resource crisis, and this study attempts to catalyze the pyrolysis of waste tires using spent catalysts to increase the value of both types of waste. FCC catalysts reduced the activation energy (E) of waste tire pyrolysis. When the catalyst dosage was 30 wt.%, the E of tread rubber decreased from 238.87 kJ/mol to 181.24 kJ/mol, which was a 19.94% reduction. The E of the inner liner decreased from 288.03 kJ/mol to 209.12 kJ/mol, a 27.4% reduction. The spent catalyst was more effective in reducing the E and solid yield of the inner liner made of synthetic rubber. It should be emphasized that an appropriate increase in the heating rate can fully exert the selectivity of the catalyst. The catalyst could also be effectively used twice, and the optimum ratio of catalyst/waste tires was about 1/4.5. Compared with specially prepared catalysts, it is more cost-effective to use such wastes as a catalyst for waste tire pyrolysis.

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“…Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) technology has been and remains one of the most important processes in the petroleum refinery industry for transforming heavy fractions to more valuable fuels such as gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), olefinic gases, and other products [1,2]. In recent years, with an increase in the degree of deterioration of crude oil, a large number of metals, such as vanadium [3,4], nickel [5,6], iron [7,8], sodium [9,10], etc., have been deposited on FCC catalysts, which causes the activity of the FCC catalyst to decrease and significantly changes the product distribution of the FCC reaction, causing serious economic losses to the enterprise [11]. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate this metal contamination and accelerate the improvement of FCC catalysts with higher metal capacities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Lab Simulation Methods of Multiple Heavy Metal Contamination on FCC Catalysts

Yang

et al. 2023

Processes

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Qualitative and quantitative description are key to solving the problem of heavy metal contamination on fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts. The loading efficiencies for different metals were compared for the two lab simulation methods of Multi-Cyclic Deactivation (MCD) and Advanced Catalyst Evaluation (ACE), and the microcatalytic performance of metal-contaminated catalysts was evaluated using an ACE Model C device. The results show that the MCD and ACE methods both obtain extremely high data accuracy, indicating that they can be used to ensure the parallel reliability of experimental results. The typical operating parameters for hydrothermal aging and metals loading can be adjusted to suit different metal types and content targets for either of these two simulation methods. Compared with an equilibrium catalyst from an industrial unit, the MCD method has the advantages of basic hydrothermal aging treatment with less metal loading efficiency, while the ACE method has an accurate metal amount and high loading efficiency for metal contamination, with a metal balance recovery rate above 99.5% at similar activation to the equilibrium catalyst. When used with a reasonable and effective metal pretreatment scheme, these two laboratory simulation methods can be used to evaluate new commercial catalysts and in fundamental experiments for the improvement of FCC catalysts for removal of metal contamination.

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Metals on a Novel USY Zeolite after Hydrothermal Aging

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

An Alternative Correlation Equation between Particle Size and Structure Stability of H−Y Zeolite under Hydrothermal Treatment Conditions

An Alternative Correlation Equation between Particle Size and Structure Stability of H−Y Zeolite under Hydrothermal Treatment Conditions

A “Wastes-Treat-Wastes” Technology: Role and Potential of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Assisted Pyrolysis of Discarded Car Tires

Comparison of Two Lab Simulation Methods of Multiple Heavy Metal Contamination on FCC Catalysts

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