Metam-sodium kills beneficial soil fungi as well as cotton pests

Davis, Robert A.; Nunez, Joe; Vargas, Ron; Weir, B; Wright, Steven D.; Munier, Douglas J.

doi:10.3733/ca.v050n05p42

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Methyl isothiocyanate has a transient negative impact on soil bacteria population size (28), and roots of plants grown in treated soils exhibit significant reductions in colonization by mycorrhizal fungi (5). Incorporation of isothiocyanates reduces populations of NH 4 + -oxidizing bacteria, and mineralization of N in a sandy loam soil was inhibited by the amendment of 2-phenethyl-isothiocyanate (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Specific Apple Root Pathogens by Brassica napus Seed Meal Amendment Regardless of Glucosinolate Content

Mazzola¹,

Granatstein²,

Elfving³

et al. 2001

Phytopathology®

194

133

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The impact of Brassica napus seed meal on the microbial complex that incites apple replant disease was evaluated in greenhouse trials. Regardless of glucosinolate content, seed meal amendment at a rate of 0.1% (vol/vol) significantly enhanced growth of apple and suppressed apple root infection by Rhizoctonia spp. and Pratylenchus penetrans. High glucosinolate B. napus cv. Dwarf Essex seed meal amendments did not consistently suppress soil populations of Pythium spp. or apple root infection by this pathogen. Application of a low glucosinolate containing B. napus seed meal at a rate of 1.0% (vol/vol) resulted in a significant increase in recovery of Pythium spp. from apple roots, and a corresponding reduction in apple seedling root biomass. When applied at lower rates, B. napus seed meal amendments enhanced populations of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., but these bacteria were not recovered from soils amended with seed meal at a rate of 2% (vol/vol). Seed meal amendments resulted in increased soil populations of total bacteria and actinomycetes. B. napus cv. Dwarf Essex seed meal amendments were phytotoxic to apple when applied at a rate of 2% (vol/vol), and phytotoxicity was not diminished when planting was delayed for as long as 12 weeks after application. These findings suggest that B. napus seed meal amendments can be a useful tool in the management of apple replant disease and, in the case of Rhizoctonia spp., that disease control operates through mechanisms other than production of glucosinolate hydrolysis products.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Specific Apple Root Pathogens by Brassica napus Seed Meal Amendment Regardless of Glucosinolate Content

Mazzola¹,

Granatstein²,

Elfving³

et al. 2001

Phytopathology®

194

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An additional potential explanation for reduced pruning weights in fumigated plots as compared to nonfumigated may be that fumigation kills not only nematodes in soil, but mycorrhizal fungi that form symbioses with grapevines. Stunting in some vineyards has been found to be a result of poor colonization with mycorrhizae (Menge et al 1983), and metam sodium has been found to kill mycorrhizal fungi (Davis et al 1996). This study underlines the importance of understanding which nematode species are present in a vineyard facing replant, as the efficacy of these management techniques (fumigation and rootstocks) are species dependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Field Performance of Winegrape Rootstocks and Fumigation during Establishment of a Chardonnay Vineyard in Washington

East

Zasada

Tarara³

et al. 2020

Am J Enol Vitic.

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In Washington, most winegrapes are own-rooted Vitis vinifera, which is susceptible to the plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne hapla and Xiphinema americanum. Using resistant rootstocks to manage nematodes has not been evaluated in Washington vineyards. A long-term vineyard trial was established to evaluate the effects of soil fumigation and rootstock genotype on M. hapla and X. americanum population dynamics and vine growth during vineyard establishment (first three years) in a replant scenario. Vines in an existing V. vinifera Chardonnay vineyard were first treated with foliar glyphosate in fall 2014. Randomized areas within the vineyard were then either fumigated or not with drip-applied metam sodium. Following fumigation, vines were removed. In spring 2015, the vineyard was replanted to Chardonnay on the following rootstocks: 1103 Paulsen, 101-14 Millardet et de Grasset, Teleki 5C, and Harmony. Self-grafted and own-rooted Chardonnay were included. Fumigation reduced M. hapla soil second-stage juvenile (J2) population densities on own-rooted and self-grafted vines for only the first year postfumigation. One year postfumigation, the self-grafted and own-rooted vines had higher population densities of M. hapla J2 than rootstocks. All rootstocks supported measurable densities of M. hapla J2 but were poor hosts relative to V. vinifera. Fumigation effectively reduced population densities of X. americanum for up to 3.5 years. Fumigation also reduced early establishment pruning weights. Vines grown in fumigated areas had lower pruning weights through year 2, but rootstock was the bigger influence on pruning weights by year 3. This trial demonstrates that rootstocks have a more sustained impact on nematode reestablishment and subsequent vine health in a vineyard replant scenario than that of preplant fumigation.

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“…The homogenized suspension was immediately dripped into sterile 2% ( w / w ) calcium chloride solution (ICN Biomedicals Inc., Costa Mesa, CA, USA) using a syringe (Norm-Ject ® , drain tube Ø = 4 mm, length = 10 mm). The droplets of the suspension remained immersed in the calcium chloride solution for 30 min with continuous agitation for complete gelatinization [ 50 ]. Granules were separated from the calcium chloride solution by collecting them on a sterile Buchner funnel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The abundance and diversity of soil fungal and bacterial communities were significantly reduced in metham-sodium-fumigated soil, including the beneficial mycorrhizal fungi [ 48 , 49 ]. However, because methylisothiocynate rapidly degrades in the soil, some soil microbes, particularly actinobacteria and proteobacteria, can recolonize the soil quickly [ 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resporulation of Calcium Alginate Encapsulated Metarhizium anisopliae on Metham®-Fumigated Soil and Infectivity on Larvae of Tenebrio molitor

Shah

Ash

Wilson

2022

JoF

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Metarhizium anisopliae infects and kills a large range of insects and is a promising biocontrol agent to manage soil insects, such as wireworm in sweetpotato. The presence of other soil microbes, which exhibit competitive fungistasis, may inhibit the establishment of M. anisopliae in soil. Microbially depleted soil, for example, sterilized soil, has been shown to improve the resporulation of the fungus from nutrient-fortified M. anisopliae. Prior to planting, sweetpotato plant beds can be disinfected with fumigants, such as Metham®, to control soil-borne pests and weeds. Metham® is a broad-spectrum soil microbial suppressant; however, its effect on Metarhizium spp. is unclear. In the research presented here, fungal resporulation was examined in Metham®-fumigated soil and the infectivity of the resulting granule sporulation was evaluated on mealworm, as a proxy for wireworm. The fungal granules grown on different soil treatments (fumigated, field and pasteurized soil) resporulated profusely (for example, 4.14 × 107 (±2.17 × 106) conidia per granule on fumigated soil), but the resporulation was not significantly different among the three soil treatments. However, the conidial germination of the resporulated granules on fumigated soil was >80%, which was significantly higher than those on pasteurized soil or field soil. The resporulated fungal granules were highly infective, causing 100% insect mortality 9 days after the inoculation, regardless of soil treatments. The results from this research show that the fungal granules applied to soils could be an infective inoculant in sweetpotato fields in conjunction with soil fumigation. Additional field studies are required to validate these results and to demonstrate integration with current farming practices.

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Metam-sodium kills beneficial soil fungi as well as cotton pests

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Suppression of Specific Apple Root Pathogens by Brassica napus Seed Meal Amendment Regardless of Glucosinolate Content

Suppression of Specific Apple Root Pathogens by Brassica napus Seed Meal Amendment Regardless of Glucosinolate Content

Field Performance of Winegrape Rootstocks and Fumigation during Establishment of a Chardonnay Vineyard in Washington

Resporulation of Calcium Alginate Encapsulated Metarhizium anisopliae on Metham®-Fumigated Soil and Infectivity on Larvae of Tenebrio molitor

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