Metamaterial-Inspired, Electrically Small Huygens Sources

Jin, Peng; Ziolkowski, Richard W.

doi:10.1109/lawp.2010.2051311

Cited by 169 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The increasing demand of wireless device miniaturization for communication and sensor applications, and the search of new materials with electromagnetic properties 'à la carte', has fostered a renewed interest in subwavelength particles as basic building blocks for controlling optical radiation at subwavelength scales. These issues underline the emerging concepts of metamaterial inspired microwave and radio-wave electrically small antennas 4 and their optical analogues, either dielectric 5,6 or based on plasmon subwavelength optics 7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic and electric coherence in forward- and back-scattered electromagnetic waves by a single dielectric subwavelength sphere

et al. 2012

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Magnetodielectric small spheres present unusual electromagnetic scattering features, theoretically predicted a few decades ago. However, achieving such behaviour has remained elusive, due to the non-magnetic character of natural optical materials or the difficulty in obtaining low-loss highly permeable magnetic materials in the gigahertz regime. Here we present unambiguous experimental evidence that a single low-loss dielectric subwavelength sphere of moderate refractive index (n ¼ 4 like some semiconductors at near-infrared) radiates fields identical to those from equal amplitude crossed electric and magnetic dipoles, and indistinguishable from those of ideal magnetodielectric spheres. The measured scattering radiation patterns and degree of linear polarization (3-9 GHz/33-100 mm range) show that, by appropriately tuning the a/l ratio, zero-backward ('Huygens' source) or almost zeroforward ('Huygens' reflector) radiated power can be obtained. These Kerker scattering conditions only depend on a/l. Our results open new technological challenges from nanoand micro-photonics to science and engineering of antennas, metamaterials and electromagnetic devices.

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic and electric coherence in forward- and back-scattered electromagnetic waves by a single dielectric subwavelength sphere

et al. 2012

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“…To outline the design methodology, a reflectionless Huygens' surface that provides a spatially varying phase response is experimentally demonstrated at microwave frequencies. This structure can be envisaged as a nonperiodic distribution of Huygens' sources [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Wave-Shaping Surfaces

Alù¹

2013

Physics

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Huygens' principle is a well-known concept in electromagnetics that dates back to 1690. Here, it is applied to develop designer surfaces that provide extreme control of electromagnetic wave fronts across electrically thin layers. These reflectionless surfaces, referred to as metamaterial Huygens' surfaces, provide new beam shaping, steering, and focusing capabilities. The metamaterial Huygens' surfaces are realized with two-dimensional arrays of polarizable particles that provide both electric and magnetic polarization currents to generate prescribed wave fronts. A straightforward design methodology is demonstrated and applied to develop a beam-refracting surface and a Gaussian-to-Bessel beam transformer. Metamaterial Huygens' surfaces could find a wide range of applications over the entire electromagnetic spectrum including single-surface lenses, polarization controlling devices, stealth technologies, and perfect absorbers.

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“…On the other hand, recent designs have suggested that Huygens sources may be advantageous, particularly in regards to their FTBR values [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Consequently, it was explored whether or not the magnetic-based EZ antenna could be augmented with an electric-based NFRP antenna to achieve an electrically small Huygens source.…”

Section: D Magnetic Ez Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include, for example, end-fire arrays [5][6][7][8], electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures [9], high impedance surfaces and artificial magnetic conductors [10][11][12][13], nearfield resonant parasitic (NFRP) elements [14][15][16], nonFoster circuit-augmented antennas [17], two-element NFRP antenna arrays [18,19], and Huygens sources [20][21][22][23][24][25]. The metamaterial-inspired NFRP antenna designs have led to the realization of many performance enhancements of compact systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The directivity of a compact antenna: an unforgettable figure of merit

Ziolkowski

2017

EPJ Appl. Metamat.

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Abstract. When an electrically small antenna is conceived, designed, simulated, and tested, the main emphasis is usually placed immediately on its impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency. All too often it is assumed that its directivity will only be that of a Hertzian dipole and, hence, its directivity becomes a minor consideration. This is particularly true if such a compact antenna radiates in the presence of a large ground plane. Attention is typically focused on the radiator and its size, while the ground plane is forgotten. This has become a too frequent occurrence when antennas, such as patch antennas that have been augmented with metamaterial structures, are explored. In this paper, it is demonstrated that while the ground plane has little impact on the resonance frequency and impedance bandwidth of patch antennas or metamaterial-inspired three-dimensional magnetic EZ antennas, it has a huge impact on their directivity performance. Moreover, it is demonstrated that with both a metamaterialinspired two-element array and a related Huygens dipole antenna, one can achieve broadside-radiating electrically small systems that have high directivities. Several common and original designs are used to highlight these issues and to emphasize why a fundamental figure of merit such as directivity should never be overlooked.

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Metamaterial-Inspired, Electrically Small Huygens Sources

Cited by 169 publications

References 14 publications

Magnetic and electric coherence in forward- and back-scattered electromagnetic waves by a single dielectric subwavelength sphere

Magnetic and electric coherence in forward- and back-scattered electromagnetic waves by a single dielectric subwavelength sphere

Wave-Shaping Surfaces

The directivity of a compact antenna: an unforgettable figure of merit

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