Metamaterial inspired THz antenna for breast cancer detection

Geetharamani, G.; Aathmanesan, T.

doi:10.1007/s42452-019-0601-6

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is a semiconductor material with a direct and narrow band gap of E g = 0.17 eV at 300 K; it has a very small electron effective mass of m * e ≈ 0.014 m e [65] for electrons, where m e is the electron mass, and a small density of states in the conduction band. InSb is a low-power-consuming semiconductor as it works below 0.5 V. InSb has a variety of applications in optics and photonics, such as in forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imaging systems [66], temperature sensor devices [67], thermal image detectors [68], biomedical detection [49,[69][70][71][72][73], thermo-optical applications [74], and thermal imaging cameras [75]. The highest carrier mobility, small effective mass of electrons, and small density of states among other semiconductor materials make it one of the best choices for thermo-optic and electric applications.…”

Section: Structure Design and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effective Bull’s Eye Aperture-Style Multi-Band Metamaterial Absorber at Sub-THz Band: Design, Numerical Analysis, and Physical Interpretation

Vafapour

2022

Sensors

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Theoretical and numerical studies were conducted on plasmonic interactions at a polarization-independent semiconductor–dielectric–semiconductor (SDS) sandwiched layer design and a brief review of the basic theory model was presented. The potential of bull’s eye aperture (BEA) structures as device elements has been well recognized in multi-band structures. In addition, the sub-terahertz (THz) band (below 1 THz frequency regime) is utilized in communications and sensing applications, which are in high demand in modern technology. Therefore, we produced theoretical and numerical studies for a THz-absorbing-metasurface BEA-style design, with N-beam absorption peaks at a sub-THz band, using economical and commercially accessible materials, which have a low cost and an easy fabrication process. Furthermore, we applied the Drude model for the dielectric function of semiconductors due to its ability to describe both free-electron and bound systems simultaneously. Associated with metasurface research and applications, it is essential to facilitate metasurface designs to be of the utmost flexible properties with low cost. Through the aid of electromagnetic (EM) coupling using multiple semiconductor ring resonators (RRs), we could tune the number of absorption peaks between the 0.1 and 1.0 THz frequency regime. By increasing the number of semiconductor rings without altering all other parameters, we found a translation trend of the absorption frequencies. In addition, we validated our spectral response results using EM field distributions and surface currents. Here, we mainly discuss the source of the N-band THz absorber and the underlying physics of the multi-beam absorber designed structures. The proposed microstructure has ultra-high potentials to utilize in high-power THz sources and optical biomedical sensing and detection applications based on opto-electronics technology based on having multi-band absorption responses.

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Section: Structure Design and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effective Bull’s Eye Aperture-Style Multi-Band Metamaterial Absorber at Sub-THz Band: Design, Numerical Analysis, and Physical Interpretation

Vafapour

2022

Sensors

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“…In the feedforward, the hyperbolic tangent function (tanh(z)) is the activation function between hidden layers, as shown in (4) where tanh(z) = [-1,1]. The activation function Softmax(z) is used in the output layer, as shown in (5), where z is the linear combination (6). The deep learning output is in probabilistic values.…”

Section: A Deep Learning Algorithm and Discretized Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, to address the issue of ionization associated with the ionic cancer diagnostic technologies, nonionizing diagnostic techniques based on microwave imaging (MWI, 0.3 -300 GHz) and terahertz (THz, 0.3 -10 THz) radiography have been developed and proposed as an alternative to the existing diagnostic techniques [5]. The MWI and THz technologies produce high-resolution images but the technologies are complex and cumbersome [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Ionic Deep Learning-Driven IR-UWB Multiantenna Scheme for Breast Tumor Localization

Phasukkit

2022

IEEE Access

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This research proposes a deep learning-driven impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) multiantenna scheme for non-ionic breast tumor localization. The structure of the multiantenna scheme consists of one side slot Vivaldi transmitting (Tx) and nine side slot Vivaldi receiving (Rx 1 -Rx 9 ) antennas. To mitigate the attenuation and improve the diagnostic accuracy, the multiantenna scheme is rotated clockwise in 90 ° increments around the breast, with the angular position of the Tx antenna of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °. The deep learning algorithm is utilized to detect and localize the breast tumor, with 17 classification outputs, consisting of classifications 1 -16 which correspond to 16 vertically discretized segments of the breast and classification 17 for cancer-free. Experiments were carried out using heterogenous breast replicas with a tumor of 1 cm in diameter, and the breast replicas possess the dielectric property and Hounsfield units (HU) similar to those of human breasts. The experimental results were compared with the computed tomography (CT) scan images. The results reveal that the multiantenna scheme could efficiently detect and accurately localize the breast tumor for nearly all classifications, with the total accuracy (average of F1 scores) of 99.11 %. Specifically, the novelty of this research lies in the use of deep learning with the IR-UWB technology to effectively localize breast tumors.

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“…Terahertz radiation is electromagnetic waves in the spectral range going from 0.3 to 10 THz 8 . The use of THz frequency is evolving gradually, and the need for research in developing a THz based cancer detection system is increasing 9 . THz radiation has some attractive features like it can penetrate through a wide variety of dielectric materials, non-ionizing radiation and has minimal effects on the human body, diagnostic capabilities, large absorption due to water, Metals are highly reflective in the terahertz bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low Cost and Portable Microwave Imaging System for Breast Tumor Detection Using UWB Directional Antenna array

Islam

Mahmud

Kibria

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

170

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Globally, breast cancer is a major reason for female mortality. Due to the limitations of current clinical imaging, the researchers are encouraged to explore alternative and complementary tools to available techniques to detect the breast tumor in an earlier stage. This article outlines a new, portable, and low-cost microwave imaging (MWI) system using an iterative enhancing technique for breast imaging. A compact side slotted tapered slot antenna is designed for microwave imaging. The radiating fins of tapered slot antenna are modified by etching nine rectangular side slots. The irregular slots on the radiating fins enhance the electrical length as well as produce strong directive radiation due to the suppression of induced surface currents that radiate vertically at the outer edges of the radiating arms with end-fire direction. It has remarkable effects on efficiency and gain. With the addition of slots, the side-lobe levels are reduced, the gain of the main-lobe is increased and corrects the squint effects simultaneously, thus improving the characteristics of the radiation. For experimental validation, a heterogeneous breast phantom was developed that contains dielectric properties identical to real breast tissues with the inclusion of tumors. An alternative PC controlled and microcontroller-based mechanical MWI system is designed and developed to collect the antenna scattering signal. The radiated backscattered signals from the targeted area of the human body are analyzed to reveal the changes in dielectric properties in tissues. The dielectric constants of tumorous cells are higher than that of normal tissues due to their higher water content. The remarkable deviation of the scattered field is processed by using newly proposed Iteratively Corrected Delay and Sum (IC-DAS) algorithm and the reconstruction of the image of the phantom interior is done. The developed UWB (Ultra-Wideband) antenna based MWI has been able to perform the detection of tumorous cells in breast phantom that can pave the way to saving lives.

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Metamaterial inspired THz antenna for breast cancer detection

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Cost-Effective Bull’s Eye Aperture-Style Multi-Band Metamaterial Absorber at Sub-THz Band: Design, Numerical Analysis, and Physical Interpretation

Cost-Effective Bull’s Eye Aperture-Style Multi-Band Metamaterial Absorber at Sub-THz Band: Design, Numerical Analysis, and Physical Interpretation

Non-Ionic Deep Learning-Driven IR-UWB Multiantenna Scheme for Breast Tumor Localization

A Low Cost and Portable Microwave Imaging System for Breast Tumor Detection Using UWB Directional Antenna array

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