Metamemorial predictors of memory performance in young and older adults.

Abstract

The relationship between aspects of knowledge about memory and immediate and delayed recall on prose and word-list tasks was examined. Ss were 100 young and 100 older adults. Vocabulary ability was screened. Memory knowledge was assessed by the Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) scale and the Short Inventory of Memory Experiences (SIME). Capacity and change measures of the MIA correlated with most dimensions of the SIME for both age groups. The anxiety measure of the MIA correlated with SIME measures only for the young. Regression analyses showed that strategy (MIA) predicted performance only for young adults, change (MIA) predicted performance only for older adults, and capacity (MIA) predicted performance for both age groups. Metamemory variables accounted for equivalent amounts of variance in both prose and word-list tasks, although there was an indication that prediction was slightly better for prose. Future researchers need to address the apparent increase in affect-related predictors of memory performance.

Effects of depressive symptoms and routinization on metamemory during adulthood

“…Dixon and Hultsch (1983) observed that older participants presented less knowledge of tasks but used similar strategies. Inversely, Cavanaugh and Poon (1989) observed no modification on the task subscale but showed a reduction of strategy use during aging. Finally, Ponds and Jolles (1996a) observed no modification for task during aging but showed separate subscales for external and internal strategies.…”

Relations between memory complaints, depressive symptoms and cognitive performance among community dwelling elderly

“…It also includes the construct of self-efficacy for memory tasks, which concerns an individual's assessment of his or her own ability to perform a given task that involves memorization. Individuals with a more positive set of beliefs are expected to perform better on memory tests [1][2][3][4] , because those variables can affect their engagement in these tasks.…”

Cognitive rehabilitation: assessment and treatment of persistent memory impairments following ECT

“…The belief that one has a poor memory may lead to increased dependence on others, avoidance of memory challenges, and a pattern of helplessness and demoralisation when faced with memory difficulties (Elliot & Lachman, 1989). Additional evidence of the impact of selfperceived memory capacity on control of memory efficiency (Cavanaugh & Poon, 1989;Hertzog et al, 1990;Jonker et al, 1997) supports the argument that neuropsychological assessments of patients who have had ECT should take account of the patient's own metamemory or sense of memory self-efficacy.…”