“…North‐east China (NE China) is located in the easternmost segment of the CAOB and comprises the Erguna, Xing'an, Songliao and Jiamusi massifs from west to east, which are bounded to each other by deep faults (Figure 1b; Wilde, Dorsett‐Bain, & Liu, 1997; Wilde, Zhang, & Wu, 2000; Wu et al, 2007; Xu, Charvet, Chen, Zhao, & Shi, 2013; Xu, Pei, et al, 2013; Zhou et al, 2009). The Jiamusi Massif comprises of three different rock components: the Mashan Complex, the Heilongjiang Complex, Neoproterozoic orthogneisses, and early and late Palaeozoic granitoids (Figure 2a; Li et al, 1999; Li, 2006; Wilde et al, 1997; Wilde et al, 2000; Wilde, Wu, & Zhang, 2001; Wilde, Wu, & Zhang, 2003; Wu et al, 2007; Wu, Wilde, & Sun, 2001; Yang et al, 2017; Yang, Ge, et al, 2018; Yang, Liang, et al, 2021; Yang, Liang, Zheng, Xu, et al, 2020; Yang, Liang, Zheng, Zhang, et al, 2020; Yang, Zheng, et al, 2021; Yang, Zheng, Xu, Han, & Guo, 2018). Among them, the Mashan Complex with higher research levels and more contentious issues, are characterized by graphite‐bearing, Al‐rich and phosphorus‐bearing rocks, and are mainly composed of Al‐rich pelitic rocks, felsic rocks, and calc‐silicate rocks.…”