Metamorphic oxygen-evolving molecular Ru and Ir catalysts

Abstract

Molecular water oxidation catalysts based on Ru complexes evolving dioxygen are transformed into new molecular species during turnover that in turn are also active catalysts towards the water oxidation reaction.

Engineering a molecular ruthenium catalyst into three-dimensional metal covalent organic frameworks for efficient water oxidation

“…4d, S39 and S40, ESI †). 17,19 The turnover frequency (TOF) of RuCOF-100 ′ and RuCOF-101 ′ was estimated to be 0.0021 s −1 and 0.0034 s −1 , respectively, comparable to that of some molecular Ru catalysts (Fig. S41 and Table S3, ESI †).…”

Dual‐laser pulse‐patterned α‐Co(OH)2/rGO heterointerface for accelerated water oxidation and surface phase‐transition via in‐situ Raman spectroscopy

“…Thus, inexpensive metal-based catalysts have been extensively investigated, including metal oxides, sulfides, nitrides, hydroxides, and phosphides, which can operate in alkaline solutions concurrently and meet the criteria for intrinsic behavior and electrochemical stability. [11][12][13][14][15] Heterointerface engineering has emerged as one of the most effective strategies for overcoming the limitations of electrochemical activity and enhancing the intrinsic activity of catalysts. Through heterostructure assembly, this approach facilitates the creation of active sites and the regulation of electronic structures, harnessing the synergistic effect of multicomponent materials.…”

“…The benchmark OER electrocatalysts are iridium and ruthenium‐composed oxides, but their prevalent use is constrained by their limited availability, high cost, and less stability. Thus, inexpensive metal‐based catalysts have been extensively investigated, including metal oxides, sulfides, nitrides, hydroxides, and phosphides, which can operate in alkaline solutions concurrently and meet the criteria for intrinsic behavior and electrochemical stability 11–15 . Heterointerface engineering has emerged as one of the most effective strategies for overcoming the limitations of electrochemical activity and enhancing the intrinsic activity of catalysts.…”

Immobilization of Iridium Triazolylidene Complexes into Polymer Scaffolds and Their Application in Water Oxidation

“…[14] The increase of WO performance requires suitable catalysts that lower the barriers of the electron transfer and OÀ O bond formation to enhance overall energy conversion efficiencies. Molecularly defined systems [15,16] based on iridium [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and ruthenium [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] complexes have shown particular promise in this field [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] with remarkably high turnover frequencies (TOFs) and turnover numbers (TONs). [22,47] While these homogeneous systems stand out with well-defined active sites that allow the activity to be finely tailored, their commercial application is surmised to require electrochemical cells and heterogeneous catalytic systems to keep a close proximity of the catalyst to the electrode surface.…”