“…We performed further refinement from literature and by using the human metabolic networks in the HumanCyc database (Trupp et al, 2010) and Recon3D ( Brunk et al, 2018 ). Model checks were done with MEMOTE, and refinements were performed with MetaNetX 4.2, BiGG, ChEBI, MetaCyc, and PubChem databases ( Caspi et al, 2014 ; Hastings et al, 2016 ; Norsigian et al, 2020 ; Kim et al, 2021 ; Moretti et al, 2021 ). The new GEM contains 4,660 genes, 3,614 reactions, and 4,052 metabolites and conforms to the minimum standardised content for a newly published GEM based on recently published community standards ( Carey et al, 2020 ); 100% of the metabolites in ( i HsaEC21) have a human-readable descriptive name, 100% have an inchi key, 100% of metabolite annotation conformity with the BiGG database and in MetaNetX, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), ChEBI, ModelSEED, HMDb, or MetaCyc ( Caspi et al, 2014 ; Hastings et al, 2016 ; Wishart et al, 2018 ; Norsigian et al, 2020 ; Kanehisa et al, 2021 ; Kim et al, 2021 ; Moretti et al, 2021 ; Seaver et al, 2021 ); 100% of the metabolites have a charge and chemical formula with a charge balance of 75.3% ( ).…”