Metapopulation dynamics: brief history and conceptual domain

Hanski, Ilkka; Gilpin, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-284120-0.50004-8

Cited by 627 publications

(743 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In particular, consider a metapopulation (Levins 1968, Hanski andGilpin 1991) consisting of D demes, each with N individuals. If there is no migration in the system, then clearly the dynamics are determined by the number of individuals N within each independent deme.…”

Section: Migration: Effective Population Size In a Metapopulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of variance in offspring number: The effects of population size and migration

Shpak

2005

Theory in Biosciences

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It was shown by that if two genotypes produce the same average number of offspring on but have a different variance associated within each generation, the genotype with a lower variance will have a higher effective fitness. Specifically, the effective fitness is w e =w− Σ 2 N , where w is the mean fitness, Σ 2 is the variance in offspring number, and N is the total population size. The model also predicts that if a strategy has a higher arithmetic mean fitness and a higher variance than the competitor, the outcome of selection will depend on the population size (with larger population sizes favoring the high variance, high mean genotype). This suggests that for metapopulations with large numbers of (relatively) small demes, a strategy with lower variance and lower mean may be favored if the migration rate is low while higher migration rates (consistent with a larger effective population size) favor the opposite strategy. Individual based simulation confirms that this is indeed the case for an island model of migration, though the effect of migration differs greatly depending on whether migration precedes or follows selection. It is noted in the appendix that while Gillespie 1974 does seem to be heuristically accurate, it is not clear that the definition of effective fitness follows from his derivation.

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Section: Migration: Effective Population Size In a Metapopulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of variance in offspring number: The effects of population size and migration

Shpak

2005

Theory in Biosciences

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“…Local adaptation within a restricted population can occur if the strength of selection exceeds the rate of gene flow. 68 Hence, Natural Selection acting on individual venom variations may endow specimens within a reproductive community the necessary versatility to adapt to the changing environments of a geographical range. Individual venom variation is well-documented in the literature and appears to be a general feature of venoms.…”

Section: Research Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake Venomics of the Lancehead Pitviper Bothrops asper: Geographic, Individual, and Ontogenetic Variations

et al. 2008

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We report the comparative proteomic characterization of the venoms of adult and newborn specimens of the lancehead pitviper Bothrops asper from two geographically isolated populations from the Caribbean and the Pacific versants of Costa Rica. The crude venoms were fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC, followed by analysis of each chromatographic fraction by SDS-PAGE, N-terminal sequencing, MALDI-TOF mass fingerprinting, and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides. The two B. asper populations, separated since the late Miocene or early Pliocene (8-5 mya) by the Guanacaste Mountain Range, Central Mountain Range, and Talamanca Mountain Range, contain both identical and different (iso)enzymes from the PLA 2 , serine proteinase, and SVMP families. Using a similarity coefficient, we estimate that the similarity of venom proteins between the two B. asper populations may be around 52%. Compositional differences between venoms among different geographic regions may be due to evolutionary environmental pressure acting on isolated populations. To investigate venom variability among specimens from the two B. asper populations, the reverse-phase HPLC protein profiles of 15 venoms from Caribbean specimens and 11 venoms from snakes from Pacific regions were compared. Within each B. asper geographic populations, all major venom protein families appeared to be subjected to individual variations. The occurrence of intraspecific individual allopatric variability highlights the concept that a species, B. asper in our case, should be considered as a group of metapopulations. Analysis of pooled venoms of neonate specimens from Caribbean and Pacific regions with those of adult snakes from the same geographical habitat revealed prominent ontogenetic changes in both geographical populations. Major ontogenetic changes appear to be a shift from a PIII-SVMP-rich to a PI-SVMP-rich venom and the secretion in adults of a distinct set of PLA 2 molecules than in the neonates. In addition, the ontogenetic venom composition shift results in increasing venom complexity, indicating that the requirement for the venom to immobilize prey and initiate digestion may change with the size (age) of the snake. Besides ecological and taxonomical implications, the geographical venom variability reported here may have an impact in the treatment of bite victims and in the selection of specimens for antivenom production. The occurrence of intraspecies variability in the biochemical composition and symptomatology after envenomation by snakes from different gegraphical location and age has long been apreciated by herpetologist and toxinologists, though detailed comparative proteomic analysis are scarce. Our study represents the first detailed characterization of individual and ontogenetic venom protein profile variations in two geographical isolated B. asper populations, and highlights the necessity of using pooled venoms as a statistically representative venom for antivenom production.

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“…There has been a high level of interest in the field since the late 60s [1,2], and this has continued to the present (see [3,4,5,6] and references therein). Of significant concern to ecologists is the survival of the population and under what conditions the population might become extinct.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for a spatially structured metapopulation accounting for within patch dynamics

Smith

McVinish

Pollett

2014

Mathematical Biosciences

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We develop a stochastic metapopulation model that accounts for spatial structure as well as within patch dynamics. Using a deterministic approximation derived from a functional law of large numbers, we develop conditions for extinction and persistence of the metapopulation in terms of the birth, death and migration parameters. Interestingly, we observe the Allee effect in a metapopulation comprising two patches of greatly different sizes, despite there being decreasing patch specific per-capita birth rates. We show that the Allee effect is due to way the migration rates depend on the population density of the patches.

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Metapopulation dynamics: brief history and conceptual domain

Cited by 627 publications

References 49 publications

Evolution of variance in offspring number: The effects of population size and migration

Evolution of variance in offspring number: The effects of population size and migration

Snake Venomics of the Lancehead Pitviper Bothrops asper: Geographic, Individual, and Ontogenetic Variations

A model for a spatially structured metapopulation accounting for within patch dynamics

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