“…Current theory, however, focuses only on part of this complexity. It either focuses only on demographic variation [Wiener and Tuljapurkar, 1994, Roy et al, 2005, Roy and Holt, 2009, Schreiber, 2010, Evans et al, 2013, Jaggi et al, 2023, Kortessis et al, 2023, or specific forms of dispersal variation [Schmidt, 2004, Williams and Hastings, 2013, Snyder et al, 2014. To place these complexities into a single integrative framework, I analyze a class of stochastic, matrix models with any number of patches and accounting for many forms of spatial-temporal variation in demography and dispersal.…”