Metarhizium Anisopliae Challenges Immunity and Demography of Plutella xylostella

Background The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a noxious pest of cruciferous crops all over the world causing serious economic damage. Management of insect pest generally depends on chemical control; however, due to development of resistance against all types of insecticides, alternative approaches especially utilization of a microbial agent is inevitable. Results Potential of 2 entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, was evaluated against 2nd and 3rd larval instars of P. xylostella by adopting leaf dip and direct spraying methods under laboratory conditions. Significant mortality rate was achieved by each fungus under adopted methodologies. However, B. bassiana was found to be more effective in both conditions than M. anisopliae. Highest mean corrected mortality (77.80%) was recorded, when spores of B. bassiana were sprayed on the 2nd instar larvae (LC50=1.78×104/ml) after the 6th day of treatment. Similarly, incase of M. anisopliae LC50 for the 2nd instar at the same methodology was 2.78×104/ml with a mortality percentage of 70.0%. Offspring sex ratio was non-significantly related to treatment concentration and methodology, except for the control. Conclusion Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae had potential to suppress P. xylostella infestations when applied appropriately. Present findings suggested that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae when sprayed on immatures of host insect had more effect as compared to leaf dip procedure. Furthermore, no significant effect of concentrations was observed on sex ratio.

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“…xylostella as it was reported in the previous studies conducted by Loc and Chi (2007) and Zafar et al (2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

On the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Shehzad

Tariq

Mukhtar

et al. 2021

Egypt J Biol Pest Control

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“…Several strains of fungi have been isolated and used to control various insect pests, including P. xylostella [3][4][5][6][7]. Of these entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Cordycipitaceae; Hypocreales) has been documented as an effective pathogen of P. xylostella [8][9][10]. Wu et al [8] studied the pathogenicity of M. anisopliae against P. xylostella.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)

Zhang

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Nanotechnology is increasingly being used in areas of pesticide production and pest management. This study reports the isolation and virulence of a new Metarhizium anisopliae isolate SM036, along with the synthesis and characterization of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles followed by studies on the efficacy of nanoparticles against Plutella xylostella. The newly identified strain proved pathogenic to P. xylostella under laboratory conditions. The characterization of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles through different analytical techniques showed the successful synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM and HRTEM images confirmed the synthesis of spherical-shaped nanoparticles; X-ray diffractogram showed strong peaks between 2θ values of 16–30°; and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed a particle size of 75.83 nm for M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles, respectively. The bioassay studies demonstrated that different concentrations of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles were highly effective against second instar P. xylostella under laboratory and semi-field conditions. These findings suggest that M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles can potentially be used in biorational P. xylostella management programs.

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“…where the mean number of laid eggs was reduced to 101.55 eggs/female as compared with control of 192.55 eggs/female [85]. In addition, plants also synthesize and store ecdysteroids, and the concentration of these phytoecdysteroids increases significantly with damage done by insects.…”

Section: Microbiomes and Endocrine Systemmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Meanwhile, Metarhizium anisopliae significantly influenced the reproductive system of Plutella xylostella, by decreasing the life span and egg laying ability. A significant difference in the fecundity of treated insects was observed, where the mean number of laid eggs was reduced to 101.55 eggs/female as compared with control of 192.55 eggs/female [85]. In addition, plants also synthesize and store ecdysteroids, and the concentration of these phytoecdysteroids increases significantly with damage done by insects.…”

Section: Microbiomes and Endocrine Systemmentioning

confidence: 91%

Role of Endocrine System in the Regulation of Female Insect Reproduction

Khalid

Ahmad

Ngegba

et al. 2021

Biology

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The proper synthesis and functioning of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones (JHs) are very important for the regulation of vitellogenesis and oogenesis. However, their role and function contrast among different orders, and even in the same insect order. For example, the JH is the main hormone that regulates vitellogenesis in hemimetabolous insect orders, which include Orthoptera, Blattodea, and Hemiptera, while ecdysteroids regulate the vitellogenesis among the insect orders of Diptera, some Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. These endocrine hormones also regulate each other. Even at some specific stage of insect life, they positively regulate each other, while at other stages of insect life, they negatively control each other. Such positive and negative interaction of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and JH is also discussed in this review article to better understand the role of these hormones in regulating the reproduction. Therefore, the purpose of the present review is to deeply understand the complex interaction of endocrine hormones with each other and with the insulin signaling pathway. The role of microbiomes in the regulation of the insect endocrine system is also reviewed, as the endocrine hormones are significantly affected by the compounds produced by the microbiota.

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Metarhizium Anisopliae Challenges Immunity and Demography of Plutella xylostella

Cited by 31 publications

References 64 publications

On the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

On the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)

Role of Endocrine System in the Regulation of Female Insect Reproduction

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