Metastable copper-chromium alloy films

Payne, A. P.; Clemens, Bruce M.

doi:10.1557/jmr.1992.1370

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[19,20,22] in the course of their deposition from the gas phase on a cooled substrate. As follows from Fig.…”

Section: Results Of Calculations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An even greater saturation limits for terminal solid solutions were achieved in [19][20][21][22] using nonequilibrium synthesis in the absence of a liquid phase. In [19,20,22] metastable specimens were obtained by coprecipitation of metal vapours on a cooled substrate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [19,20,22] metastable specimens were obtained by coprecipitation of metal vapours on a cooled substrate. Studies were performed within the whole concentration range.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phase equilibria and thermodynamics of binary copper systems with 3d-metals. III. Copper-chromium system

Турчанин

2006

Powder Metall Met Ceram

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Experimental information on phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the Cu − Cr system are described within the framework of the CALPHAD-method in order to obtain self-consistent analytical description of the system. The resulting set of coefficients makes it possible to calculate the thermodynamic properties of phases and related equilibrium transformations. A model of Gibbs excess free energy of the liquid phase takes into account excess heat capacity. Possible metastable transformations in the system, such as the immiscibility of supercooled liquid alloys and formation of supersaturated terminal solid solutions, are discussed.Keywords: phase equilibrium diagram, thermodynamics, thermodynamic modelling, metastable transformations, copper alloys, supersaturated solid solutions, immiscibility of supercooled melts.Alloys of copper and chromium have found extensive application in modern industry as heat-resistant materials that exhibit high electrical and thermal conductivity. This has governed their use for the preparation of currentconducting parts of mechanisms operating under significant mechanical and thermal loads (crystallizers of furnaces, first of all), special electrodes, and also in order to prepare electrical contact materials. An even more promising use of two-component alloys of copper and chromium opens up in view of the possibility to increase their mutual solubility with help of modern, highly nonequilibrium methods of metallurgical synthesis, such as melt quenching, mechanical alloying, and deposition from the gas phase.A solution of important technological problems, such as preparation of materials with an extended concentration range of solid solutions, development of their heat treatment conditions in order to provide the required complex of operating properties, demands an exact idea about the nature of equilibrium and nonequilibrium transformations in the system. The least studied among them remained the high-temperature part of the phase diagram and closely connected with it question of the possibility of liquid phase separation. When modern experimental methods cannot give a clear answer at this question, an attempt to solve it in the context of constructing a thermodynamic model of the system is of an undoubted interest. PHASE EQUILIBRIAStable phase transformations. Phase equilibria in the system have been studied in a number of works [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. It has been established that the copper − chromium system is of the eutectic type. There are two regions of primary solidification with insignificant concentration ranges of its existence on the phase diagram (Fig. 1): a FCC-solution based on copper, i.e. (Cu)-phase, and a BCC-solution based on chromium, i.e. (Cr)-phase. The peculiarity of the phase diagram is an almost horizontal part of the (Cr)-phase liquidus line. Most often questions discussed concerning the nature of phase equilibria in the system are the probability of the occurrence of separation in the liquid phase, the stable or metastable nature...

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“…[19,20,22] in the course of their deposition from the gas phase on a cooled substrate. As follows from Fig.…”

Section: Results Of Calculations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase equilibria and thermodynamics of binary copper systems with 3d-metals. III. Copper-chromium system

Турчанин

2006

Powder Metall Met Ceram

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“…Thus, compared to other nanocomposite systems composed solely of stable phases e.g. nc- However, it has been shown that sputtering at low temperature (≤ 200ºC) enables the range of Cu-Cr mutual solubility to be extended, resulting in metastable phase formation over much of, or the whole, Cu-Cr composition range [7][8][9]. In our previous set of CrCuN coatings, sputter deposited at 200ºC with Cu contents up to 20 at.%, elemental chromium and chromium nitride nanocrystalline phases were clearly identifiable in the XRD spectra but we concluded that Cu was probably incorporated in the Cr-based phases rather than a nanocomposite structure developing [10].…”

Section: Hardness and Wear Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it was reported previously that metastable Cr-Cu single phase structures can be formed over a wide composition range using PVD methods [7][8][9]. Previous work on…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the nanostructure and wear properties of physical vapor deposited CrCuN nanocomposite coatings

Baker

Kench

Tsotsos

et al. 2005

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Thermodynamic analysis of nanocrystalline solid solutions formation in copper‐lead‐tin ternary immiscible system during mechanical alloying

Wu¹,

Zhu²,

Wu³

2021

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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In this paper, copper‐15 wt.%‐lead‐1 wt.%‐tin (Cu‐15wt %Pb‐1wt %Sn), copper‐15 wt.%‐lead‐2 wt.%‐tin (Cu‐15wt %Pb‐2wt %Sn) and copper‐15 wt.%‐lead‐3 wt.%‐tin (Cu‐15wt %Pb‐3wt %Sn) powder mixtures were mechanically alloyed in order to study the solid solubility extension during the alloying process. Nanocrystalline supersaturated solid solutions have been prepared in copper‐lead‐tin (Cu−Pb−Sn) ternary immiscible system by mechanical alloying (MA). Based on the thermodynamic model, the Gibbs free energy changes in these alloys during the formation of solid solutions are calculated to be positive, which means that there are no driving force to form solid solutions in copper‐lead‐tin ternary immiscible system. It was found that a large fraction of grain boundaries and a high density of dislocations play a significant role in the solid solubility extension in copper‐lead‐tin ternary immiscible system.

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Metastable copper-chromium alloy films

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Phase equilibria and thermodynamics of binary copper systems with 3d-metals. III. Copper-chromium system

Phase equilibria and thermodynamics of binary copper systems with 3d-metals. III. Copper-chromium system

Investigation of the nanostructure and wear properties of physical vapor deposited CrCuN nanocomposite coatings

Thermodynamic analysis of nanocrystalline solid solutions formation in copper‐lead‐tin ternary immiscible system during mechanical alloying

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