“…In particular, in the last few years it has been discovered that vortex matter exhibits important, even dominant, history dependent phenomena in magnetic and transport properties, such as memory and hysteresis in magnetisation curves along with irreversibility and aging in I-V characteristics (see [3,4,32,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,46,48,61,62] and references therein). These phenomena are markedly out of equilibrium effects and, here, we discuss their features as they emerge from the off equilibrium dynamics of vortex matter (see Ref.s in [1,6,7,8,9]).…”