Under high pressure, methane and hydrogen form (CH4)2H2, CH4(H2)2, and (CH4)3(H2)25 van der Waals compounds with stoichiometries determined by the H2 concentration. This study investigates the effect of compression rates (up to 183 GPa/s) on the formation and morphology of these compounds at pressures up to 60 GPa utilizing dynamic diamond anvil cells combined with time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Compression rates exceeding 100 GPa/s inhibit the formation of (CH4)3(H2)25, while CH4(H2)2 and (CH4)2H2 remain unaffected. Furthermore, lower compression rates yield distinct leaflike and globular sample morphologies depending on the H2 concentration, while rates above 20 GPa/s consistently result in textureless mixtures, regardless of H2 concentration. These combined results demonstrate the competition between transition time and kinetic barriers, together with the critical role of the compression rate during dynamic-pressure nonequilibrium processes.
Published by the American Physical Society
2024