Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

Lane, Joshua E.; Walker, Anna N.

doi:10.1159/000064573

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The resected cases of metastatic HCC to the gallbladder are shown in Tables 1 and 2. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] A preoperative diagnosis of metastatic HCC to the gallbladder is difficult. Two patients required cholecystectomy due to cholecystitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two patients required cholecystectomy due to cholecystitis. 9,10 Although imaging showed wall thickening or tumorous lesions of the gallbladder in some cases, there are no specific findings in the imaging tests of metastatic HCC to the gallbladder. In our case, the gallbladder metastasis was identified only by histopathological examination after the cholecystectomy because the surface of the gallbladder macroscopically appeared almost normal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallbladder metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: Report of a case and review of literature

Wakasugi

Ueshima

Akamatsu

et al. 2012

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallbladder metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: Report of a case and review of literature

Wakasugi

Ueshima

Akamatsu

et al. 2012

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

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“…GM can appear as an asymmetric gallbladder wall thickening on US, CT and MRI. Moreover, tumor thrombosis in the portal vein or in the cholecystic veins can be observed, with or without an apparent tumor mass in the gallbladder wall [69][70][71][72].…”

Section: Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of gallbladder metastasis

et al. 2021

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Gallbladder metastasis (GM) is a rare condition, often with a late diagnosis or detected upon autopsy. There is no extensive literature on the imaging diagnosis of GM. Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature with the aim of helping to interpret the clinical findings and imaging features of such patients. Few studies on GM are reported in literature. GM by melanoma accounts for about 55.6% of cases. The remaining cases origin from breast cancer (13.6%), hepatocellular carcinoma (13.6%), renal cell carcinoma (6.8%), lung cancer (4.5%), lymphoma (3.5%) and gastric cancer (2.4%). The most common clinical presentation of GM is abdominal pain from cholecystitis due to obstruction of the cystic duct. The main ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that clinicians and radiologists should consider in their everyday medical activity were discussed. The diagnosis of GM was often achieved through a combination of more than one imaging modality. In more than 90% of cases, the diagnosis of GM is often late and combined with other organs involvement in the terminal stage of the malignancy. The knowledge of the clinical features and different imaging techniques through careful evaluation of the gallbladder can help to achieve early diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis or false negative results.

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Melanocytic, Neuroectodermal, Germ Cell, Rhabdoid, Perivascular Epithelioid Cell, Hemolymphatic, and Metastatic Tumors of the Gallbladder

Zimmermann¹

2016

Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract

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The gallbladder is involved by a wide variety of non-epithelial tumors, apart from mesenchymal neoplasms. Visceral malignant melanoma develops in the biliary tract, including the gallbladder. As both primary and metastatic gallbladder melanomas may show similar of the same growth patterns, the differential diagnosis between these two conditions is often difficult. Primary gallbladder melanoma is more likely if the tumor shows a polypoid or lobulated and in particular papillary growth pattern, is a solitary lesion, and is associated with junctional activity in the adjacent mucosa. In contrast, metastatic lesions are more commonly multiple, flat, and without junctional changes. Apart from neuroendocrine tumors, other neuroectodermal neoplasms can develop as primary tumors in the gallbladder. Rare primary neoplasms in this organ include germ cell tumors, rhabdoid tumors, perivascular epithelioid cell tumors, and hemolymphatic neoplasms. Apart from malignant melanoma, numerous other malignancies can metastasize to the gallbladder, renal cell carcinoma being a particularly common metastasizing tumor. Malignant Melanoma of the Gallbladder Pathogenic Pathways Few melanocytes are present in the normal gallbladder mucosa, and it has been suggested that malignant melanomas take their origin from these cells that have spread from the neural crest to the gallbladder during oncogenesis. Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) of the Gallbladder Differential Diagnosis Differential diagnosis on conventionally stained sections mainly includes other small cell tumors occurring in the gallbladder, e.g., small cell carcinoma or lymphoma. Differential Diagnosis Gallbladder paraganglioma may occur as a component of multiple paragangliomas, involving the common bile duct and the liver in addition to the gallbladder (Ferrell et al. 1990).

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Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Gallbladder metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: Report of a case and review of literature

Gallbladder metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: Report of a case and review of literature

Imaging of gallbladder metastasis

Melanocytic, Neuroectodermal, Germ Cell, Rhabdoid, Perivascular Epithelioid Cell, Hemolymphatic, and Metastatic Tumors of the Gallbladder

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