Metastatic Model for Human Prostate Cancer Using Orthotopic Implantation in Nude Mice

Abstract

These data suggest that the orthotopic injection of human prostate cancer cells into the nude mouse may provide a valuable model to study the biology and therapy of human prostate cancer.

Characterization of expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in prostate cancer cell lines

“…40 -44 Similarly, PC3 M and PC3 MM2 have been described as more aggressive in vivo than PC3 cells. 46,47 We wished to confirm the invasive abilities of these prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. In our hands, the LNCaP derived lines shared similar invasive capacities, others have also reported their ability to invade Matrigel 2 .…”

“…[40][41][42][43][44] is AI; PC3-M was derived from a liver metastasis following injection of PC3 cells into the spleen of nude mice, and PC3-MM2 was grown from a bone metastasis after injection of PC3-M cells. 46,47 Using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting, we detected differential expression of mRNA and protein for a range of MMPs and TIMPs in these prostate cancer cells. Of particular interest, we report for the first time the expression of MMP-13 by prostate cancer epithelial cells and show that MMP-13, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expression is relatively increased in the PC3 sublines compared with the LNCaP-derived lines.…”

A Nod Scid mouse model to study human prostate cancer

“…The growth rates are close to those observed in other mouse models. 6,16 Differences observed in tumor weight between different animals during the same implantation, are possibly due to cell leakage during injection.…”

“…Subcutaneous implantation rarely produces distant metastases, when orthotopic (intra-prostatic) implantation does allow metastatic spread. Orthotopic implantation in an immunodeficient rodent is a relevant model 5 and the first description was made in 1992 by Stephenson et al 6 Immunodeficient rodent models generally used for prostate cancer studies are the nude mice model described in 1966 by Flanagan 7 and the Scid mice model (Severe Combined ImmunoDeficiency) described in 1983 by Bosma et al 8 The nude mutation results in thymus aplasy with quantitative and functional T-lymphocyte defects. The Scid mutation results in a lack of T-and B-lymphocyte function.…”

Adenovirus-mediated interferon-β gene therapy suppresses growth and metastasis of human prostate cancer in nude mice

“…The well -defined PC3 human prostate carcinoma cell line 36,37 was used. The highly metastatic PC3MM2 cells were maintained as a monolayer culture in MEM supplemented with 10% FBS, nonessential amino acids, sodium pyruvate, vitamin A, and glutamine.…”