Metastatic Patterns of Retinoblastoma

MacKay, Cynthia J.; Abramson, David H.; Ellsworth, Robert M.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030309025

Cited by 90 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…When tumor cells are present in the optic nerve posterior to the lamina cribrosa, the mortality rate is in the range of 13%-69% [32,38,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]. It is generally accepted that tumor involvement anterior to the lamina cribrosa is not associated with greater mortality.…”

Section: High-risk Histopathologic Features In Enucleated Eyes Of Patmentioning

confidence: 40%

Retinoblastoma: Review of Current Management

Chintagumpala

Chévez-Barrios

Paysse³

et al. 2007

The Oncologist

175

146

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After completing this course, the reader will be able to:1. Discuss the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of children with retinoblastoma.2. Identify the patient factors that need to be considered when choosing the most appropriate initial and subsequent treatment for a child with retinoblastoma.3. Describe the role of genetics in the follow-up of retinoblastoma patients.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit ™ at CME.TheOncologist.com CME CME ABSTRACTThe most common ocular cancer in children is retinoblastoma. It affects approximately 300 children in the U.S. every year. It can affect one or both eyes and the disease can be inherited. Altered discoloration of the pupil and strabismus are the usual symptoms that lead to medical attention. Subsequent appropriate diagnostic studies and care provided by a multidisciplinary team, including an ophthalmologist, a pediatric oncologist, a radiation oncologist, and a geneticist, among others, often result in optimal short-term and long-term care. The best initial and subsequent treatments are based on whether the child has unilateral or bilateral disease, the stage of the disease, and the age of the child. Enucleation, chemotherapy, and various forms of radiation therapy along with local ophthalmic therapies can be used in the treatment of retinoblastoma. Cure rates are high in children when the tumor is confined to the eye and has not spread systemically or into the orbit or brain. Children with the heritable form of retinoblastoma are at high risk for developing subsequent malignancies, most commonly sarcomas. This risk is greater for those children with the heritable form of the disease who were exposed to ionizing radiation at age <1 year. Exciting discoveries using animal models are providing new insights into the development of this disease and opening new avenues for targeted therapies that may lead to high cure rates with minimal toxicities. EPIDEMIOLOGYRetinoblastoma is the most common malignant ocular tumor in childhood and affects approximately 1 in 18,000 children Ͻ5 years of age in the U.S. [1]. The incidence is higher in developing countries, and in some countries in Central and South America retinoblastoma is one of the most common solid tumor malignancies in children [2]. The reason for this higher incidence is not clear. Lower socioeconomic status and the presence of human papilloma virus sequences in the retinoblastoma tissue have been implicated [3]. A higher risk for diseases like retinoblastoma in children born through in vitro fertilization was described previously, but a recent large study does not support this association [4]. Approximately 80% of children with retinoblastoma are diagnosed before 3 years of age. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma in children 6 years or older is extremely rare. Children with bilateral retinoblastoma constitute about 20%-30%. Patients with bilateral disease usually present at a younger age (14 -16 months) than patients with unilateral disease (29 -30 months) [...

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Section: High-risk Histopathologic Features In Enucleated Eyes Of Patmentioning

confidence: 40%

Retinoblastoma: Review of Current Management

Chintagumpala

Chévez-Barrios

Paysse³

et al. 2007

The Oncologist

175

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The most significant risk factor for distant metastases is extrascleral extension when the tumor gains access to vascular and lymphatic channels outside the eye [24]. The sites of extracranial metastatic spread include the bone marrow, bladder, lungs, and mediastinum [25]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Extraneural Metastases of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors Identified by Fine Needle Aspiration: A Retrospective Analysis

VandenBussche¹,

Nugent³

et al. 2014

Acta Cytologica

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Objective: Extraneural metastasis (EM) of primary central nervous system (PCNS) neoplasms is rare and signifies a poor clinical outcome. Due to its infrequent occurrence, relatively few reports on the cytomorphology of these neoplasms have been published. We describe a series of 19 cases from 16 patients at a single, large tertiary care center. Study design: A retrospective analysis of 19 cases of metastases from PCNS neoplasms identified on fine needle aspiration (FNA) in 8 male and 8 female patients aged 14-72 years (mean age 39.6) from 1989 to 2013 was conducted to further characterize the cytomorphologic features identified at metastatic sites. Results: Six different PCNS neoplasms were identified: meningioma, glioblastoma, hemangiopericytoma (HPC), oligodendroglioma, medulloblastoma, and retinoblastoma. The mean latency period between the diagnoses of the primary and first metastatic tumors was 7.4 years (range 0-15). The most common PCNS malignancy responsible for EM was HPC. The most common metastatic sites were the lung (31%) and soft tissue/bone (31%). Conclusions: EM of PCNS tumors is extremely rare. FNA allows for quick, safe and accurate diagnosis. Cytomorphologic features are characteristic, and in conjunction with the clinical history and immunohistochemistry, an accurate diagnosis was obtained in 100% of the cases.

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“…10 Some authors have published the regions of metastatic lesions of Rb as CNS masses, but the localizations of these lesions in the metastatic regions of Rb did not point out any specific region of CNS. 3,11 Thus, due to insufficient detailing and specifying of these regions in the literature, our case presented here can be encountered as a first case of retinoblastoma having a metastatic lesion in the cerebellum. In addition, the coexistence of two separate metastatic lesions of Rb located in the supra and infratentorial fossas also made this case important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…15 Mackay et al reported 20 Rb patients with a mass in the central nervous system, but they did not clearly express the localization of the lesions. 11 Wien et al reported 26 pediatric aged patients with solid-nonhematopoietic metastatic CNS lesion. 15% (4/26) of the metastatic lesions were infratentorial: neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Posterior fossa metastasis of retinoblastoma accompanying a supratentorial second focus in a child: a case report

et al. 2017

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The central nervous system, as a metastatic focus, has an extreme predisposition to retinoblastoma and has been indicated as the most common site for this disease. Herein, we report a 4-year-old girl presenting with multiple cranial metastases of retinoblastoma. To our knowledge, this presented case is valuable and significant in terms of being reported as the first cerebellar metastasis of retinoblastoma in the literature and removing this lesion together with supratentorial focus in a single operation with a single skin incision.

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Metastatic Patterns of Retinoblastoma

Cited by 90 publications

References 5 publications

Retinoblastoma: Review of Current Management

Retinoblastoma: Review of Current Management

Extraneural Metastases of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors Identified by Fine Needle Aspiration: A Retrospective Analysis

Posterior fossa metastasis of retinoblastoma accompanying a supratentorial second focus in a child: a case report

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