Metastatic pulmonary calcification and end-stage renal disease

Noninfectious Causes of Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrations in Chronic Renal Failure: Metastatic Pulmonary Calsification

“…Dual-energy digital chest radiography has been reported to be more sensitive and accurate than standard chest radiography for the detection of MPC. However, this technique is not widely used, most likely due to the availability and advantages of computed tomography (CT) for the assessment of patients suspected of other respiratory problems [12]. In our case, dual-e-nergy digital chest radiography was not used, we had observed calcifications on skin and muscle structure computed tomography [11].…”

“…The differential diagnosis of MPC include pulmonary edema, pneumonia, atypical infections, recurrent alveolar hemorrhage, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, pulmonary metastasis (osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, thyroid malignancies), miliary tuberculosis. histoplasmosis, fungal infections, varicella pneumonia, occupational lung disease (silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, siderosis, stannosis, and baritosis), chronic hemorrhagic conditions, rheumatic mitral stenosis, and pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis [11][12][13]. As these patients are highly immunosuppressed, infection should always be excluded.…”

“…Uncommonly, MPC is seen in patients with normal renal functions, normal calcium and phosphate levels and without underlying lung disease [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Chest radiographs of MPC reveal multiple diffuse calcified nodulesand confluent or patchy airspace opacities simulating diffuse interstitial process, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, alveolar hemorrhage, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, occupational lung disease and pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis [11,12].…”

Respiratory complications and sleep disorders in children with chronic kidney disease: A correlation often underestimated

“…This condition is quite rare in the pediatric age, even despite an autopsy study of 120 pediatric kidney transplant recipients and/or 6 HD children identified soft tissue calcifications in 60% of the subjects, with the lungs among the most involved organs [17]. The deposition of calcium salts occurs predominantly at the alveolar epithelial basement membranes and, in case of extensive injuries, alteration of pulmonary function could be severe [18,19]. Chest x-rays may be normal or show confluent or patchy opacities, especially in the upper lobe area and in the vessels of the chest wall, while high-resolution computed tomography…”

Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification Detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan

“…Metastatic pulmonary calcification is a frequently underdiagnosed disease. Because usual imaging modalities such as chest radiographs and CT scan findings are not specific [ 8 , 9 ]. Only a few reports are available demonstrating the ability of 18 F-FDG PET/CT to detect metastatic pulmonary calcification [ 10 , 11 ].…”