Meteoroid orbit determination from HPLA radar data

Blanchard, Jared T.; Lee, Nicolas; Elschot, Sigrid

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115144

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These errors are influenced by several factors, including the angular resolution of the camera, the calibration's angular resolution, residual of the calibration fit, the measured pixel coordinates of the fireball, and the velocity measurement errors. Quantitatively the results are comparable to a strict calculation of error propagation based on general rule of covariance transformation (Blanchard et al., 2022; Dmitriev et al., 2015; Montenbruck & Gill, 2000; Rice, 2010).…”

Section: Retrieved Atmospheric Trajectory and Orbitsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Given the significant advancements in numerical computations, modern approaches offer a more robust estimation of errors when determining pre-impact orbits of meteoroids compared to what could be achieved back in the 1970s (Blanchard et al, 2022;Dmitriev et al, 2015). In this study, as also in Kyrylenko et al (2023), we adopted a method to assess uncertainties by calculating all possible combinations that result in the largest errors for the orbital solution.…”

Section: Retrieved Atmospheric Trajectory and Orbitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the significant advancements in numerical computations, modern approaches offer a more robust estimation of errors when determining pre‐impact orbits of meteoroids compared to what could be achieved back in the 1970s (Blanchard et al., 2022; Dmitriev et al., 2015). In this study, as also in Kyrylenko et al.…”

Section: Retrieved Atmospheric Trajectory and Orbitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fireball of November 24, 1970, as the most probable source of the Ischgl meteorite

Gritsevich,

Moilanen,

Visuri

et al. 2024

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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The discovery of the Ischgl meteorite unfolded in a captivating manner. In June 1976, a pristine meteorite stone weighing approximately 1 kg, fully covered with a fresh black fusion crust, was collected on a mountain road in the high‐altitude Alpine environment. The recovery took place while clearing the remnants of a snow avalanche, 2 km northwest of the town of Ischgl in Austria. Subsequent to its retrieval, the specimen remained tucked away in the finder's private residence without undergoing any scientific examination or identification until 2008, when it was brought to the University of Innsbruck. Upon evaluation, the sample was classified as a well‐preserved LL6 chondrite, with a W0 weathering grade, implying a relatively short time between the meteorite fall and its retrieval. To investigate the potential connection between the Ischgl meteorite and a recorded fireball event, we have reviewed all documented fireballs ever photographed by German fireball camera stations. This examination led us to identify the fireball EN241170 observed in Germany by 10 different European Network stations on the night of November 23/24, 1970, as the most likely candidate. We employed state‐of‐the‐art techniques to reconstruct the fireball's trajectory and to reproduce both its luminous and dark flight phases in detail. We find that the determined strewn field and the generated heat map closely align with the recovery location of the Ischgl meteorite. Furthermore, the measured radionuclide data reported here indicate that the pre‐atmospheric size of the Ischgl meteoroid is consistent with the mass estimate inferred from our deceleration analysis along the trajectory. Our findings strongly support the conclusion that the Ischgl meteorite originated from the EN241170 fireball, effectively establishing it as a confirmed meteorite fall. This discovery enables to determine, along with the physical properties, also the heliocentric orbit and cosmic history of the Ischgl meteorite.

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Section: Retrieved Atmospheric Trajectory and Orbitsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Retrieved Atmospheric Trajectory and Orbitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retrieved Atmospheric Trajectory and Orbitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fireball of November 24, 1970, as the most probable source of the Ischgl meteorite

Gritsevich,

Moilanen,

Visuri

et al. 2024

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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“…As a meteoroid undergoes entry at altitudes between 80 and 130 km, its material vapourizes due to sputtering and thermal ablation (Guttormsen et al., 2020; Popova et al., 2001). The resulting neutral particles undergo high‐energy collisions with atmospheric molecules traveling between 11 and 73 km per second, depending on the incoming trajectory of the meteoroid relative to Earth (Blanchard et al., 2022), which is sufficient to ionize many of the meteoric and surrounding atmospheric particles. A plasma cap is formed in the immediate vicinity of the meteoroid, which moves with the meteoroid and reflects radio waves (Dyrud et al., 2008; Marshall et al., 2017; Sugar et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteor Head Echo Detection at Multiple High‐Power Large‐Aperture Radar Facilities via a Convolutional Neural Network Trained on Synthetic Radar Data

Hedges,

Lee,

Elschot

2024

JGR Space Physics

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High‐power large‐aperture radar instruments are capable of detecting thousands of meteor head echoes within hours of observation, and manually identifying every head echo is prohibitively time‐consuming. Previous work has demonstrated that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) accurately detect head echoes, but training a CNN requires thousands of head echo examples manually identified at the same facility and with similar experiment parameters. Since pre‐labeled data is often unavailable, a method is developed to simulate head echo observations at any given frequency and pulse code. Real instances of radar clutter, noise, or ionospheric phenomena such as the equatorial electrojet are additively combined with synthetic head echo examples. This enables the CNN to differentiate between head echoes and other phenomena. CNNs are trained using tens of thousands of simulated head echoes at each of three radar facilities, where concurrent meteor observations were performed in October 2019. Each CNN is tested on a subset of actual data containing hundreds of head echoes, and demonstrates greater than 97% classification accuracy at each facility. The CNNs are capable of identifying a comprehensive set of head echoes, with over 70% sensitivity at all three facilities, including when the equatorial electrojet is present. The CNN demonstrates greater sensitivity to head echoes with higher signal strength, but still detects more than half of head echoes with maximum signal strength below 20 dB that would likely be missed during manual detection. These results demonstrate the ability of the synthetic data approach to train a machine learning algorithm to detect head echoes.

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Meteoroid orbit determination from HPLA radar data

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

The fireball of November 24, 1970, as the most probable source of the Ischgl meteorite

The fireball of November 24, 1970, as the most probable source of the Ischgl meteorite

Meteor Head Echo Detection at Multiple High‐Power Large‐Aperture Radar Facilities via a Convolutional Neural Network Trained on Synthetic Radar Data

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