Meteorological aspects of the transport of pollution over long distances

Smith, F. B.; Hunt, Robert R.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(78)90229-9

Cited by 123 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is also important to take into account the specific nature of the receptor site [Colin et al, 1989]. Smith and Hunt [1978] reported that slow moving active frontal systems and anticyclones, characterized by the convergence of moist air and by light winds that prevail for several days, respectively, favor the occurrence of episodes of sulfate wet deposition. Singh and Noberr [1982] showed that precipitation acidity was inherently related to air masses in Quebec, Canada.…”

Section: Paper Number 97jd02077mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater chemistry at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico

Báez¹,

Padilla²,

Cervantes³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. A rainwater chemistry study was carried out at a single site in Xalapa located at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico, during the rainy and dry seasons under the influence of different meteorological conditions. Rain samples were analyzed for the most important ions. The statistical results indicated that there were significant differences at the 95% confidence level between the ionic concentration measured in samples collected in both seasons. The lower concentration values found during the rainy season could be attributed to dilution processes since in this season 79% of the annual precipitation occurs, compared to only 21% in the dry season. High and positive ion-pair correlations were found among the most important ions in both seasons. Although Xalapa is situated at less than 100 km from the coast, marine contribution of SO42-and Ca 2+ is negligible compared with the nonmarine contribution. In the rainy season, enrichment of SO42-, NH•-, and NO•-is due to upwind medium-and long-distance emission sources of Veracruz, as back trajectories of the predominant winds from the southeast indicate. On the other hand, in the dry season this enrichment is due to emission sources situated in Tampico, Madero, and Poza Rica and south-southeastern Texas, as indicated by the predominant winds from the northeast. Finally, wet deposition rates were, as expected, higher during the rainy season in spite of the dilution processes. [1978] reported that slow moving active frontal systems and anticyclones, characterized by the convergence of moist air and by light winds that prevail for several days, respectively, favor the occurrence of episodes of sulfate wet deposition. Singh and Noberr [1982] showed that precipitation acidity was inherently related to air masses in Quebec, Canada. Colin et al. [1989] reported that two main mechanisms are responsible for the enrichment of rain: the dissolution of gases and the impacting of particles that occur in the air column below the cloud base, when raindrops fall (a local phenomenon), and the incorporation of gases and aerosols to the 23,329

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Section: Paper Number 97jd02077mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater chemistry at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico

Báez¹,

Padilla²,

Cervantes³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The top of the subsidence inversion will then be below the LZD. The situation is summarized in Figure 9: In the real atmosphere the LZD is usually around 500-600 mbar (Holton, 1972), and subsidence, for a well-developed anticyclone, stops (Smith and Hunt, 1977;Stull, 1988), which roughly corresponds to 900-850 mbar. So, subsidence inversions in well-developed anticyclones are confined so that their tops will be below the LZD and their bases at the top of the ABL.…”

Section: A E Milionis and T D Davies -+-Drymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inversion data from acoustic sounders are particularly useful for such studies, as they provide a continuous record up to heights well above the limits of most towers (Maughan, 1979;Prater and Colls, 1981). Studies of long-range pollutant transport have focused on the capping inversion, which is frequently formed just above the ABL, and acts as a lid for the vertical diffusion of pollutants (Smith and Hunt, 1977;Davies et al, 1988). This capping inversion actually separates the ABL, which is the area of the atmosphere where turbulent diffusion is assumed to take place, from the free atmosphere, where more laminar flow is assumed (Stull, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A five‐year climatology of elevated inversions at Hemsby (UK)

Milionis¹,

Davies²

1992

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Temperature inversions up to the 500-mbar level are studied in 50-mbar depth layers over Hemsby, in eastern England. The inversions are characterized by vertical gradients of temperature, potential temperature, dew point temperature, and depth. An inversion index, which is the product of potential temperature gradient and frequency of occurrence, is used. The zone of maximum activity for elevated inversions is 950-800 mbar, resulting from subsidence within anticyclones. A theoretical explanation of the processes is given. Inversion characteristics are essentially similar for day and night, except in the 1000-950-mbar layer, where daytime frequency is greater. It is suggested that turbulence-capping inversions and/or sea-breeze effects may be the reason. The implications of elevated inversions for air pollution dispersion are discussed. KEY WORDS Temperature inversions Elevated temperature inversions Air pollution Hemsby (UK).

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“…Additionally, for short duration analyses, measurements from helicopters have been used (Von Gogh and Tyson, 1977). Many studies have emphasized the relationship between surface and elevated inversions and atmospheric pollution at the local scale (Holzworth, 1972), as well as the connection between inversions formed over the ABL with the meso-scale transport of pollutants (Smith and Hunt, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of the temperature inversions over Athens, Greece

Kassomenos

Koletsis

2005

Int. J. Climatol.

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This study examines the frequency of appearance and the characteristics of temperature inversions over Athens, up to the pressure level of 500 hPa, for the time period 1974-2001 on a seasonal basis. The analysis is carried out separately for daytime and nocturnal inversions. Moreover, the study includes a brief reference to the synoptic conditions that favour the formation of inversions for each season. The results of the analysis show that nocturnal surface inversions appear with great frequency during all seasons and that the majority of the rest of the inversions appear in winter, in the region between the 800 and 900 hPa pressure levels.

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Meteorological aspects of the transport of pollution over long distances

Cited by 123 publications

References 11 publications

Rainwater chemistry at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico

Rainwater chemistry at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico

A five‐year climatology of elevated inversions at Hemsby (UK)

Seasonal variation of the temperature inversions over Athens, Greece

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