Meteorological factors and air pollution in Lithuanian forests: Possible effects on tree condition

Ozolinčius, Remigijus; Stakėnas, Vidas; Serafinavičiūtė, Brigita

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.044

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Contrary to the conventional wisdom that conifers have higher pollution sensitivity (Crowther and Steuart 1914;Bohne 1971;Freedman 1989;Vike 1999;Hijano et al 2005;Ozolincius et al 2005), our meta-analysis showed that growth and reproduction of gymnosperms and angiosperms near industrial polluters were generally reduced to a similar extent (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Variation Between Plant Groupscontrasting

confidence: 85%

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

2010

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Identification of factors explaining diversity in plant responses to industrial pollution is crucial for predicting fates of polluted ecosystems. Meta-analysis based on 203 publications demonstrated that plants growing near point polluters showed similar decreases in characters reflecting growth (-13.1%) and reproduction processes (-8.5%). In herbaceous plants, root growth was reduced, while aboveground biomass did not change, because the decrease in leaf size was compensated by an increase in leaf number. In contrast, woody plants demonstrated no changes in allometry and their growth was reduced to a greater extent than growth of herbaceous plants. Raunkiaer's classification of life forms appeared the best predictor of species' responses to pollution. Within woody plants, trees and shrubs, but not dwarf shrubs, showed strong decreases in growth and reproduction. Within herbaceous plants, significant growth reduction was observed only in annuals. Longevity of foliage or plant phylogeny did not explain variation in species' responses. Adverse effects of pollution were stronger in regions with higher temperature and precipitation, hinting that existing pollution loads may become more harmful for plants as climate changes. Relatively minor explanatory value of the characteristics of individual polluters removes one of the principal obstacles to accounting for the effects of pollution in vegetation models and allows extrapolation of the effects observed near point polluters to both regional and global scales. We conclude that losses in productivity of plant communities due to aerial pollution can be approximately estimated on the basis of the life form spectra and climate.Résumé : L'identification des facteurs expliquant la diversité des réactions des plantes envers la pollution industrielle représente un enjeu critique pour prédire le devenir des écosystèmes pollués. Une méta-analyse portant sur 203 publications démontre que les plantes poussant près de pollutions ponctuelles montrent des diminutions similaires pour des données reflétant la croissance (-13.1 %) et les processus de reproduction (-8.5 %). Chez les plantes herbacées, on observe une diminution de la croissance racinaire, alors que la biomasse épigée ne change pas, parce que l'augmentation du nombre de feuilles compense la dimension de leur surface. Au contraire, les plantes ligneuses ne démontrent aucun changement dans l'allélométrie et leur croissance montre une plus forte diminution que les plantes herbacées. La classification des formes de vie des plantes semble constituer le meilleur moyen pour prédire les réactions des plantes à la pollution. Chez les plantes ligneuses, seuls les arbres et les arbustes, mais pas les arbustes nains, montrent de fortes diminutions de croissance et de reproduction. Chez les plantes herbacées, l'on observe de fortes diminutions de croissance seulement chez les plantes annuelles. La longévité du feuillage et la phylogénie végétale n'expliquent pas la variation dans les réactions des espèces. Les effets de la pollution s...

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Section: Variation Between Plant Groupscontrasting

confidence: 85%

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

2010

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“…Analyses, based on data from the ICP Forest Monitoring level I network, of tree defoliation in relation to regional air pollution and meteorological factors yielded ambiguous results (Ozolincius & Stakenas, 2001;Ozolincius, Stakenas, & Serafinaviciute, 2005). No statistically significant correlations were found between Scots pine defoliation and either meteorological factors or acid deposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Crown Defoliation in Relation to the Acid Deposition and Meteorology in Lithuania

Augustaitis

Augustaitienė

Deltuvas

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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ICP Forest Monitoring data collected for more than 10 years made it possible to analyse key factors responsible for changes in forest conditions on a regional European scale. Observation routines may vary between different countries, which makes it difficult to gain more insight into stress-effect relationships. The effects on defoliation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of air concentrations and wet deposition of acidifying compounds, as well as effects of meteorological, site, stand and tree variables were investigated in Lithuania to test the hypothesis that spatial and temporal changes in pine defoliation were closely associated with atmospheric inputs of acidity. Over the period 1994-2004 crown defoliation of more than 8,000 pine trees was monitored in totally 45 stands distributed among three National Parks, where Integrated Monitoring Stations were situated. Air concentrations of SO2, and SO 2À 4 and NH þ 4 deposition, as well as spring and summer precipitation and mean winter temperature were shown to be the key factors affecting defoliation. The acidifying compounds accounted for nearly 58% of the variance in pine defoliation. Meteorological factors increased the degree of explanation to 65%, and stand and site variables to 79%.

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“…Air pollution has become a serious environmental stress to crop plants due to increasing industrialization and urbanization during the last few decades (Rajput and Agrawal, 2004). Among plants, conifers become visible to be more sensitive to the effect of sulfur dioxide (Ozolincius et al, 2005). Plant species vary in their sensitivity level to pollutants (Jacobson and Hill, 1970).…”

Section: Environmental Stress To Crop Plants Due To Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brick kiln emissions and its environmental impact: A Review

Skinder¹,

Sheikh²,

Pandit³

et al. 2014

J. Ecol. Nat. Environ.

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Brick manufacturing is the fastest-growing industrial sector in many countries (like china, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) and among the top three sectors, along with vehicle exhaust and resuspended road dust, contributing to the air pollution and health problems in Dhaka (Bangladesh). The total emissions from the brick manufacturing in the Greater Dhaka region, to produce 3.5 billion bricks per year has been estimated about 23,300 tons of particulate matter having aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), 15,500 tons of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), 302,000 tons of carbon monoxide (CO), 6,000 tons of black carbon (BC) and 1.8 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) . Emission of individual air pollutant from brick kilns varied significantly during a firing batch (seven days) and between kilns. Average emission factors per 1,000 bricks were 6.35 to 12.3 kg of CO, 0.52 to 5.9 kg of SO 2 and 0.64 to 1.4 kg of particulate matter (PM). Presently sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) are the main issue pertaining to air pollution problems in developing countries, where it contributes both to urban pollution and to regional acid depositions. Among man-made sources, coal combustion in stationary sources accounts for 74%, industries 22% and transportation 2% of the total oxides of sulphur (SO x ) . and it is considered that SO 2 is the chief emission in brick production. On an international basis, 75 to 85% of SO 2 emissions are the result of fossil fuel burning. It is predictable that just about 93% of the global SO 2 emissions are emitted in the northern hemisphere. It has been revealed that biomass is responsible for the emission of both trace and non trace gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) from traditional brick industries and lots of toxic fumes containing suspended particulate matters rich in carbon particles and high concentration of CO and SO x get produced. Studies have shown the average value of particulate matter of size less than ten microns and total suspend particles for the preoperation time of brick kilns was 0.029 and 0.033 mg/m³, respectively whereas, it reached 0.050 and 0.056 mg/m³, respectively during the brick kiln operation time. Similarly, recent studies on brick kilns in District Budgam of Kashmir valley (India) have shown some major negative impacts on the environment in respect of air quality, human health and vegetation in particular.

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Meteorological factors and air pollution in Lithuanian forests: Possible effects on tree condition

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Crown Defoliation in Relation to the Acid Deposition and Meteorology in Lithuania

Brick kiln emissions and its environmental impact: A Review

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