Metformin anticipates peak of lactate during high-intensity interval training but no changes performance or neuromuscular response in amateur swimmers

Norberto, Matheus Silva; Arruda, Tarine Botta de; Cursiol, Jônatas Augusto; Andrade, Vitor Luiz de; Araújo, Gustavo Gomes de; Papoti, Marcelo

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.739

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our findings are according to the literature; these same observations were also found in other swimming speed events, such as 50-m front crawl maximal effort 26 27 . de Arruda, Barbieri, de Andrade, et al 26 investigated the neuromuscular fatigue on single 50-m swimming performance, and they found a “likely negative” decrease in the potentiated peak force, indicating the presence of peripheral mechanisms in fatigue developed also during 50-m front crawl maximal effort.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…de Arruda, Barbieri, de Andrade, et al 26 investigated the neuromuscular fatigue on single 50-m swimming performance, and they found a “likely negative” decrease in the potentiated peak force, indicating the presence of peripheral mechanisms in fatigue developed also during 50-m front crawl maximal effort. During a high-intensity interval training (10×50-m maximal efforts every 3 min), Norberto, De Arruda, Cursiol, et al 27 observed the neuromuscular fatigue onset in young male amateur swimmers and reported an impairment in performance followed by a decrease in the potentiated peak force in the knee and elbow extensor musculatures, evidencing the presence of peripheral mechanisms also during high-intensity swimming training sessions. Based on these results 26 27 added to our founds, neuromuscular fatigue onset during both sprint events at pace-race and high-intensity training sessions seems to be provoked exclusively by peripheral orders, since central mechanisms remained unchanged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Training and Taper on Neuromuscular Fatigue Profile on 100-m Swimming Performance

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of 6-week specific preparatory period and 2-week taper period on neuromuscular fatigue profile in 100-m front crawl swimming performance. Seventeen competitive-level young-adult swimmers performed a 100-m swimming performance at baseline and after 6-week specific preparatory followed by 2-week taper periods. Neuromuscular fatigue profile was assessed through percutaneous electrical stimuli on the femoral nerve during a maximal voluntary contraction performed before and immediately after each 100-m maximal effort. Performance improved (p = 0.001) 2.24 and 3.06 % after specific and taper, respectively. Potentiated peak force at post-effort condition decreased (p < 0.001) 16.26 % at baseline, 11.70 % at specific, and 12.86 % at taper period. Maximal voluntary contraction force also decreased (p < 0.001) at post-effort condition by about 6.77 and 9.33 % at baseline and specific period, respectively. Both variables did not present significant differences between times. No condition or time effects were observed to superimposed peak force and voluntary activation, both related to central fatigue. In conclusion, neuromuscular fatigue during 100-m swimming performance was exclusively developed by peripheral mechanisms regardless of the training period, and 2-week taper was able to prevent decreases in maximal voluntary contraction induced by 100-m maximal effort.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Training and Taper on Neuromuscular Fatigue Profile on 100-m Swimming Performance

et al. 2022

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“…The HIIT protocol consisted of 5 × 50 m front crawl [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], at maximal intensity (≈103% of best 100 m best performance pace), with 3 min intervals [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 16 ]. Training sets like this are mainly used by coaches for the preparation of the 100 m front crawl event [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the American College of Sports Medicine [ 15 ] the duration of a usual set of HIIT set varies from five seconds to eight minutes, at an intensity greater than 80% of maximal heart rate (HR) or VO 2 max and work-to-rest ratio of 1:2 to 1:4. In swimming, standardized HIIT sets, in adult and puberty swimmers, is four to ten repetitions of 50 m with maximal intensity and work-to-rest ratio near to 1:4 [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 16 ]. For example, in studies implementing swimming, intensity was indeed high with blood lactate (BL) concentrations reaching 14.1 ± 3.1 mM/L −1 after a 4 × 50 m maximal freestyle with a rest ratio of 1:4 [ 17 ] and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) being between 6–10 after 2 × 4 × 17.5 m freestyle and freestyle kick with work-to-rest ratio 1:5 [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the fundamental differences between HIIT and USRPT sets are the interval (1:4 based on the total duration vs. 20 s after each bout) and the volume (200–500 m vs. 5–10 times the targeted event) [ 3 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. To conclude, although the swimmers seem to have benefited from a HIIT intervention [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 16 ]. Rushall [ 3 ] regards the USRPT as a superior method for improving swimmers’ performance, referring to less stress on the body while certain physiological requirements are met.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Ultra-Short Race Pace and High-Intensity Interval Training in Age Group Competitive Swimmers

Papadimitriou,

Kabasakalis,

Papadopoulos

et al. 2023

Sports

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The aim of this study was tο examine the acute responses to an Ultra-Short Race Pace Training (USRPT) and a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), both oriented for the event of 100 m freestyle. Eighteen national-level swimmers (8 boys, 10 girls) aged 13.5 ± 0.1 years, with 8.0 ± 0.5 years of experience participated in the study. All participants completed a USRPT and a HIIT protocol consisting of 2 × 10 × 25 m (USRPT1 & USRPT2) and 5 × 50 m. Significantly higher swimming velocity (SV) were achieved in USRPT compared to HIIT (p < 0.001), while significantly lower distance per stroke (DPS) and stroke index (SI) were obtained (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001). Also, significantly lower blood lactate and glucose (BL & BG) concentrations were found after USRPT (p ≤ 0.001 and p = 0.037). Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly lower after USRPT than HIIT (p < 0.001 and p = 0.015). According to the results, an USRPT swimming set consisting of 20 × 25 m at a 100 m pace seems to induce more specific responses in kinematic characteristics, biomarkers, HR and RPE compared to a 5 × 50 m HIIT set.

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Effects of long-term metformin administration associated with high-intensity interval training on physical performance, glycogen concentration, GLUT-4 content, and NMR-based metabolomics in healthy rats

Bastos-Silva,

Spineli,

Guimarães

et al. 2024

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The aim was to investigate the long-term effects of metformin ingestion on high-intensity interval training on performance, glycogen concentration (GC), GLUT-4 content, and metabolomics outcomes in rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into baseline, metformin (500 mg daily), and control groups. Training consisted of 4 sets of 10 jumps with 30 s of passive recovery per day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The intensity equivalent was 50% of body mass (BM) in the first four weeks and 70% of BM in the last four weeks. The animals were submitted to a weekly jump test until exhaustion at 50% of BM. Serum and tissues were collected at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks for biochemical and metabolomics analysis. The number of jumps increased in the Control group without a significant difference between groups at 4 and 8 weeks. GLUT4 was lower in the gastrocnemius muscle in the Metformin at the fourth week compared to Control (P=0.03) and compared to Metformin (P=0.02) and Control (P=0.01) at eight weeks. Hepatic and soleus GC were not altered by metformin. Gastrocnemius GC was lower after 8 weeks in the Metformin group compared to Control (P=0.01). Significantly lower levels of pyruvate and phenylalanine and higher levels of ethanol, formate, betaine, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and creatine were found in the Metformin compared to the Control. Although chronic administration of metformin decreased food intake and negatively influenced the synthesis of muscle glycogen, it did not significantly change physical performance compared to the Control.

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Metformin anticipates peak of lactate during high-intensity interval training but no changes performance or neuromuscular response in amateur swimmers

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of Training and Taper on Neuromuscular Fatigue Profile on 100-m Swimming Performance

Effects of Training and Taper on Neuromuscular Fatigue Profile on 100-m Swimming Performance

Comparison of Ultra-Short Race Pace and High-Intensity Interval Training in Age Group Competitive Swimmers

Effects of long-term metformin administration associated with high-intensity interval training on physical performance, glycogen concentration, GLUT-4 content, and NMR-based metabolomics in healthy rats

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