Metformin degradation in aqueous solutions by electro-activation of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide using natural and synthetic ferrous ion sources

The study presents kinetics of degradation and mineralization of an anti-epileptic drug Lamotrigine (LAM) in the aqueous matrix by electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) on Ti/DSA (Ta2O5-Ir2O5) and Stainless Steel (SS) anodes using sodium sulphate as supporting electrolyte. On both the anodes, kinetic behaviour was pseudo-first-order for degradation as well as mineralization of LAM. On Ti/DSA anode, maximum LAM degradation of 75.42% was observed at an associated specific charge of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm2 and 100 ppm Na2SO4 concentration. Maximum mineralization attained was 44.83% at an associated specific charge of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm2 and 50 ppm concentration of Na2SO4 with energy consumption of 2942.71 kWh/kgTOC. Under identical conditions on SS anode, a maximum of 98.92% LAM degradation was marked after a specific charge (Q) of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm2 and 100 ppm concentration of Na2SO4. Maximum LAM mineralization on SS anode was 98.53%, marked at a specific charge of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm2 and 75 ppm concentration of Na2SO4, with energy consumption of 1312.17 kWh/kgTOC. Higher Mineralization Current Efficiency (MCE) values were attained for EAOP on SS anode for both degradation and mineralization due to occurrence of combined electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation process in comparison to EAOP on Ti/DSA anode due to occurrence of lone electro-oxidation process.

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“…Activation of persulphate ion by ferrous ion resulting in the formation of free radicals is also reported [37]…”

Section: Ss Anodementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The degradation further increased from 66.96% to 68.68% as current density increased from 1.38 mA/ cm 2 to 1.58 mA/cm 2 after accompanying specific charge values of 3.1 and 3.55 (Ah/litre) respectively. For kinetics analysis, the LAM removal rate was evaluated by a pseudo-first-order equation as follows [37]:…”

Section: Ss Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Lamotrigine at Ti/DSA (Ta2O5-Ir2O5) and Stainless Steel Anodes

Meena

Ghatak

2022

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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“…The initial TOC of 50 mg/L solutions of MET‐HCl and LAM were 14.5 and 21.10 ppm, respectively. This concentration was selected based on literature reports that mention different treatments of synthetic wastewater of MET‐HCl and LAM with initial concentrations between 20 and 100 ppm 32,33 . Accordingly, the initial concentration of 50 ppm was selected for carrying out the experiments on electro‐oxidation and electro‐coagulation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent and true mineralization during combined electro‐oxidation and electro‐coagulation on stainless steel anode

Meena

Ghatak

2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Present study is a novel attempt to experimentally verify that electrochemical treatment of organic pollutants on stainless steel (SS) anode is a combination of electro‐oxidation (EO) and electro‐coagulation (EC) with quantitative estimation of individual contributions of the two mechanisms. Target organic pollutants, metformin HCl (MET‐HCl) and lamotrigine (LAM), were electrochemically treated with SS anode for this purpose. Experiments were designed using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to assess the effect of current density (CD) and supporting electrolyte concentration (SEC) as independent process parameters. Under all conditions, the process was experimentally verified to be a combination of EO and EC. For MET‐HCl, true mineralization (TM) as a result of EO contribution varied between 50.13% and 66.64%. EO contribution and resulting TM for LAM ranged from 37.5% to 61.83%. EC contributed 30.6%–31.84% towards MET‐HCl remediation causing the TOC to be transferred from the liquid to the sludge produced (SP). EC contribution was 23.68%–35.89% for LAM remediation. Thus, apparent mineralization (AM), the sum of EO and EC contributions, ranged from 80.63% to 97.79% for MET‐HCl and 61.18% to 96.82% for LAM.Process parameters were statistically optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to simultaneously maximize TM and AM with minimal energy consumption and maximal current efficiency. The optimized conditions were 0.83 mA/cm2 CD and 86.66 ppm SEC for MET‐HCl. The corresponding values were 1.31 mA/cm2 CD and 79.51 ppm SEC for LAM.

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“…was investigated using the dual bio catalyzed BIND/BICD MES system. As most of the literature suggested oxidation as a potential route for MTF degradation, the drug was introduced into the BIND chamber [94,95]. Fresh growth media was added at the start of experiment and samples were taken out every 24 h to evaluate MTF biodegradation.…”

Section: Volatile Fatty Acids Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbially catalyzed anode and cathode microbial electrosynthesis system for efficient metformin removal and volatile fatty acid production

Ali,

Tahir,

Kim

et al. 2024

Fuel

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Metformin degradation in aqueous solutions by electro-activation of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide using natural and synthetic ferrous ion sources

Cited by 29 publications

References 69 publications

Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Lamotrigine at Ti/DSA (Ta2O5-Ir2O5) and Stainless Steel Anodes

Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Lamotrigine at Ti/DSA (Ta2O5-Ir2O5) and Stainless Steel Anodes

Apparent and true mineralization during combined electro‐oxidation and electro‐coagulation on stainless steel anode

Microbially catalyzed anode and cathode microbial electrosynthesis system for efficient metformin removal and volatile fatty acid production

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