Metformin‐graphene oxide/alginate beads for the removal of toxic lead ions from aqueous media; kinetic and equilibrium studies

Abstract

In this study, the Met-GO@Alg as a novel adsorbent was composed of metformin (Met), graphene oxide (GO), alginate beads (Alg) for removal of lead ions from aqueous media. The adsorbent material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The effect of solution pH)5(, adsorbent dosage)20 mg(, contact time)90 min(, temperature and co-existing ions were studied and optimized. The Pb 2+ adsorption nature and mechanism were adopted with various isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic models. Hence, the adsorption kinetic process fits with the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 > 0.97) with 95% removal efficiency at 90 min. The adsorption isotherm is well fit to the Freundlich model (R 2 > 0.99) with the maximum adsorption capacity of 370 mg. g À1 .Overall, Met-GO@Alg nanocomposite revealed good efficiency, applicability, and five times reusability.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials from biobased resources for water treatment applications: emerging trends and prospects

“…However, some carbon nanomaterials may not be the most appropriate choice for water treatment, if intended for direct use in membranes (Cao et al, 2022;Guo et al, 2022). Due to the presence of negatively charged groups, most carbon-based nanomaterials rapidly disperse in water, requiring high-speed centrifugation for their recovery (Almanassra et al, 2021;Abboud et al, 2022;Ge et al, 2023;Singh et al, 2023). Membrane fouling remains the main issue in the water treatment industry that can be reduced by utilizing carbon-based nanomaterials (Adeola and Forbes, 2021a;Singh et al, 2023).…”